Nootropic of the week
COGNITIVE / Week 1 of 3
A small angiotensin IV analog with a contested mechanism of action, a high-profile commercialization failure, and a literature record selectively retracted in 2025.
Monographs
Per-compound research monographs covering chemistry, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, sourcing, and references. Each is a formal reference document with embedded PDF, formatted to standards comparable to peer-reviewed reviews.
764 compounds on file 52 flagged novel
-
KDC-MN-1673 Zavegepant
Third-generation small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist
A structurally distinct, high-affinity CGRP receptor antagonist developed at Bristol-Myers Squibb and advanced by Biohaven, distinguished from earlier gepants by intranasal deli...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1662 Y-27632
Selective ATP-competitive Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor
A pyridine-cyclohexanecarboxamide developed at Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical as the prototypical selective ROCK inhibitor, distinguished by broad research utility across stem cell bi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1669 Vixotrigine
Broad-spectrum voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with state-dependent and use-dependent inhibition and secondary monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity
A pyrrolidine carboxamide sodium channel blocker developed at GlaxoSmithKline and advanced through Convergence Pharmaceuticals and Biogen for trigeminal neuralgia, small fiber n...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1676 UBX0101
Small-molecule MDM2/p53 protein-protein interaction inhibitor and first-in-class senolytic agent
A small-molecule senolytic MDM2/p53 interaction inhibitor developed by Unity Biotechnology to selectively eliminate senescent cells from osteoarthritic joints, advancing to Phas...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1925 TRC-150094
Iodothyronine functional analog and receptor-independent mitochondrial modulator with thyromimetic metabolic activity
A synthetic indene-pyrazole-propionic acid thyromimetic developed at the Torrent Research Centre as a receptor-independent mitochondrial modulator for the concurrent reduction o...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1678 Tirasemtiv
Selective fast skeletal muscle troponin activator (imidazopyrazinone calcium sensitizer)
A first-in-class small molecule fast skeletal muscle troponin activator discovered at Cytokinetics that sensitizes the sarcomere to calcium and amplifies submaximal skeletal mus...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1947 Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
Phytocannabinoid neutral CB1 receptor antagonist and CB2 receptor partial agonist with dose-dependent cannabimimetic activity
A propyl-chain homolog of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol isolated from Cannabis sativa, distinguished from THC by neutral antagonism at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor at low concent...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1916 Tanespimycin (17-AAG)
Benzoquinone ansamycin heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor derived from geldanamycin
A semisynthetic geldanamycin analog and first-in-class HSP90 inhibitor advanced to Phase III oncology trials, distinguished by potent disruption of HSP90 chaperone function, pro...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1913 SRT-2379
Selective small-molecule allosteric activator of the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)
A second-generation sirtuin-activating compound developed by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals as a selective allosteric SIRT1 activator for metabolic and inflammatory indications, advanc...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1918 Spermine tetrahydrochloride
Endogenous tetravalent polyamine with multi-target ion channel modulation chromatin condensation activity and antioxidant properties
A tetrahydrochloride salt of the ubiquitous endogenous polyamine spermine, distinguished by voltage-dependent modulation of NMDA, AMPA, and inward-rectifier potassium channels; ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1907 Sonlicromanol (KH176)
Chromanyl-based intracellular redox modulator targeting the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
A Trolox-derived chromanyl carboxamide developed at the Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine as a first-in-class intracellular redox modulator for primary mitochondrial dis...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1919 Sodium phenylbutyrate
Aromatic short-chain fatty acid nitrogen scavenger with pan-histone deacetylase inhibitory and chemical chaperone activity
A phenylalkanoic acid prodrug developed at Johns Hopkins as a nitrogen-scavenging agent for urea cycle disorders, distinguished from conventional ammonia detoxicants by secondar...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1910 SHLP2
Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by the 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2) with cytoprotective metabolic and neuroprotective retrograde signaling activity
A 26-amino-acid endogenous peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, discovered through in silico screening of mitochondrial small open reading frames and...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1663 Setanaxib
First-in-class dual NADPH oxidase NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor of the pyrazolopyridine dione structural class
An orally bioavailable, selective dual inhibitor of NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4 developed at Genkyotex as the first NOX-targeted small molecule to enter clinical trials, with...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1928 Saracatinib
Selective Src family kinase inhibitor (dual Src/Fyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor) with activity against Abl and selected EGFR mutants
An orally bioavailable quinazoline-based Src/Fyn kinase inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca for oncology, subsequently repositioned toward Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epil...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1931 RO5263397
Selective trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) partial agonist of the 2-aminooxazoline structural class
A potent, orally bioavailable 2-aminooxazoline TAAR1 partial agonist discovered at Roche through structure-activity optimization of adrenergic lead compounds, distinguished by b...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1932 RO5256390
Selective trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) full agonist with oxazoline scaffold
A selective, brain-penetrant full agonist of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) developed at Hoffmann-La Roche as a preclinical tool compound for the investigation of ant...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1675 Rimegepant
Selective calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist of the gepant class with dual activity at the canonical CGRP receptor and the AMY1 amylin receptor
A second-generation oral gepant discovered at Bristol-Myers Squibb as BMS-927711 and developed by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals as the first calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1909 Ranolazine
Selective late sodium current (INaL) inhibitor with secondary IKr potassium channel blockade and partial fatty acid oxidation modulation
A piperazine acetamide derivative developed at Syntex as a metabolic antianginal agent, subsequently characterized as a selective inhibitor of the cardiac late sodium current wi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1924 Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
Vitamin B6 vitamer and post-Amadori advanced glycation end-product (AGE) and advanced lipoxidation end-product (ALE) inhibitor
A natural vitamin B6 vitamer distinguished from pyridoxine and pyridoxal by a 4-aminomethyl substituent that confers potent inhibition of post-Amadori advanced glycation and lip...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1680 Psilocybin
Indole tryptamine alkaloid prodrug and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist with broad serotonergic activity and neuroplastogenic properties
A phosphorylated indole tryptamine prodrug isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms and synthesized at Sandoz in 1959, now the most clinically advanced serotonergic psychedelic compoun...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1681 Psilocin
Indole tryptamine psychedelic; non-selective serotonin receptor agonist with primary activity at the 5-HT2A receptor and direct TrkB neurotrophin receptor binding
The principal psychoactive metabolite of psilocybin, a 4-hydroxylated N,N-dimethyltryptamine distinguished by potent 5-HT2A receptor agonism, high-affinity TrkB binding that pro...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1914 Polydatin (Piceid)
Stilbene glucoside with multi-target antioxidant anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity via SIRT1/AMPK/Nrf2 pathway modulation
A naturally occurring resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with superior oral bioavailability relative to its aglycone resveratrol, characte...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1664 PF-3845
Irreversible covalent fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor of the piperidine urea chemotype
A potent, selective, and irreversible urea-based inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase developed at Pfizer in collaboration with The Scripps Research Institute, distinguished ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1927 P7C3
Aminopropyl carbazole neuroprotective agent and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) activator
A proneurogenic aminopropyl carbazole discovered through target-agnostic in vivo phenotypic screening, distinguished by its activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1940 Olorinab (APD-371)
Peripherally acting highly selective full agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2)
A peripherally restricted, orally bioavailable full agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor discovered at Arena Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of visceral pain in gastroin...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1911 NRH (dihydronicotinamide riboside)
Reduced pyridine nucleoside NAD+ precursor operating through an adenosine kinase-dependent biosynthetic pathway independent of nicotinamide riboside kinases
A 1,4-dihydropyridine riboside representing the reduced form of nicotinamide riboside, distinguished from all other NAD+ precursors by exceptional potency (2.5 to 10-fold NAD+ e...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1937 Norharmane
Endogenous beta-carboline alkaloid with reversible monoamine oxidase inhibition benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonism and indoleamine 23-dioxygenase inhibition
The unsubstituted parent beta-carboline, formed endogenously from tryptamine and present in tobacco smoke, cooked foods, and coffee, serving as a multi-target neuroactive alkalo...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1679 nor-BNI
Selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist with JNK-mediated long-lasting receptor inactivation
A bivalent naltrexone-derived kappa opioid receptor antagonist designed by Portoghese and colleagues, distinguished from other opioid antagonists by its extraordinary duration o...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1665 NLY01
PEGylated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (long-acting exendin-4 analog) with microglial-targeted anti-neuroinflammatory activity
A site-specifically PEGylated exendin-4 derivative engineered for extended half-life and blood-brain barrier penetration, developed at Johns Hopkins as a microglial GLP-1R agoni...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1912 Nicotinic acid riboside (NAR)
Pyridine nucleoside NAD+ precursor of the vitamin B3 family metabolized through the Preiss-Handler salvage pathway
A ribosylated form of nicotinic acid functioning as a circulating NAD+ precursor whose hepatic generation, renal utilization, and age-associated decline position it as a distinc...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1643 Navitoclax
Orally bioavailable BH3-mimetic inhibitor of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins (BCL-2 BCL-XL BCL-W) with senolytic and anti-fibrotic activity
A first-in-class orally bioavailable BH3-domain mimetic developed at Abbott Laboratories that binds BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W with sub-nanomolar affinity, inducing mitochondrial ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1661 Mitapivat
First-in-class allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase (PKR PKL PKM2) with disease-modifying activity in hereditary hemolytic anemias
A quinoline-8-sulfonamide small molecule developed at Agios Pharmaceuticals as the first orally bioavailable, allosteric activator of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, FDA-approved f...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1684 Mescaline
Classical serotonergic psychedelic phenethylamine; 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist
A naturally occurring 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine and the first psychedelic compound isolated from a botanical source, distinguished by 5-HT2A receptor partial agonism, dose-...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1683 MDMA
Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine entactogen with substrate-type monoamine-releasing activity at serotonin norepinephrine and dopamine transporters
A racemic ring-substituted amphetamine derivative originally synthesized at Merck as a chemical intermediate, subsequently characterized as an empathogenic serotonin-norepinephr...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1674 Mavorixafor
Selective small-molecule allosteric antagonist of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)
An orally bioavailable, selective allosteric CXCR4 antagonist developed initially as an HIV entry inhibitor and subsequently repositioned for the treatment of WHIM syndrome, rec...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1938 LY-2183240
Heterocyclic carbamoyl tetrazole dual inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) with broad serine hydrolase reactivity
A biphenylmethyl tetrazole carboxamide synthesized at Eli Lilly as a subnanomolar blocker of anandamide cellular reuptake, subsequently recharacterized by activity-based proteom...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1667 Lu AG06466
Selective irreversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor and endocannabinoid system modulator
A hexafluoroisopropyl carbamate-based, brain-penetrant, first-in-class monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor developed at Abide Therapeutics and advanced by Lundbeck through Phase 2...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1682 LSD
Ergoline-class serotonergic psychedelic; partial agonist at 5-HT2A 5-HT1A and multiple monoamine receptors
A semisynthetic ergoline alkaloid derived from lysergic acid, distinguished by potent 5-HT2A receptor partial agonism, broad serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor engagement, a...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1926 LM11A-31
Non-peptide p75 neurotrophin receptor modulator; isoleucine-derived peptidomimetic designed from the beta-hairpin loop 1 domain of nerve growth factor
An orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant small molecule modulator of the p75 neurotrophin receptor that downregulates degenerative signaling and upregulates trophic signaling, de...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1941 Lenabasum (ajulemic acid)
Synthetic non-psychoactive cannabinoid; selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist with pro-resolving anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity
A first-in-class synthetic cannabinoid CB2-preferring agonist derived from the THC acid metabolite scaffold, developed for the resolution of chronic inflammation and fibrosis in...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1671 JDTic
Selective long-acting kappa-opioid receptor antagonist of the trans-34-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class
A non-morphinan, tetrahydroisoquinoline-piperidine kappa-opioid receptor antagonist developed at RTI International, distinguished by subnanomolar KOR affinity, exceptional subty...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1933 Idazoxan
Imidazoline-benzodioxane alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist and imidazoline I2 receptor ligand
A benzodioxane-imidazoline developed at Reckitt and Colman as a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, distinguished by concurrent high-affinity binding at imidazoline I2 re...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1668 Idasanutlin
Pyrrolidine-based small-molecule MDM2 antagonist; selective inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction
A second-generation, orally bioavailable MDM2 antagonist developed at Roche to restore wild-type p53 tumor suppressor function by high-affinity competitive displacement of the p...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1939 HU-444
Nonpsychotropic synthetic cannabidiol-derived diacetate with cannabinoid receptor-independent anti-inflammatory activity
A synthetic cannabidiol derivative engineered to resist acid-catalyzed cyclization to delta-9-THC, exhibiting potent cannabinoid receptor-independent anti-inflammatory activity ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1936 Harmane
Beta-carboline alkaloid with monoamine oxidase A inhibition imidazoline receptor binding and benzodiazepine inverse agonist activity
A naturally occurring and endogenously formed 1-methyl-beta-carboline alkaloid distinguished by potent reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibition, high-affinity imidazoline I1 re...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1920 Glycerol phenylbutyrate
Triglyceride prodrug nitrogen-scavenging agent delivering phenylbutyrate for alternative-pathway waste nitrogen excretion
A pre-prodrug triglyceride ester of 4-phenylbutyric acid developed by Hyperion Therapeutics as a sodium-free, taste-neutral oral liquid for chronic nitrogen scavenging in urea c...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1908 Etomoxir
Irreversible carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) inhibitor; 2-oxiranecarboxylic acid derivative and fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
An irreversible mechanism-based inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 developed as a metabolic modulator for type 2 diabetes and congestive heart failure, ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1917 Eflornithine (DFMO)
Irreversible suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway
An enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase developed at the Merrell Dow Research Institute, initially for antineoplastic use, subsequently registered ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1934 Efaroxan
Selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist with imidazoline I1 receptor antagonism and ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockade
A benzofuranyl imidazoline developed at Reckitt and Colman as a potent alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, distinguished from classical alpha-2 ligands by stereoselective dual phar...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1930 Edonerpic maleate (T-817MA)
Benzothiophene-linked azetidinol neurotrophic agent with sigma-1 receptor agonist activity and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) binding
A small-molecule neurotrophic compound developed at Toyama Chemical (Fujifilm group) for Alzheimer's disease and post-stroke motor rehabilitation, distinguished by dual engageme...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1692 DOM
Substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine psychedelic; selective 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptor full agonist of the DOx family
A potent, long-acting serotonergic psychedelic amphetamine synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1963, distinguished within the DOx series by its foundational role in establishing...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1690 DOI
Substituted 25-dimethoxyamphetamine psychedelic with potent serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonism and super-potent anti-inflammatory activity
A 4-iodo-substituted member of the DOx family of phenethylamine psychedelics, distinguished from other serotonergic hallucinogens by its extensive use as a reference agonist in ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1691 DOC
Substituted phenylisopropylamine psychedelic; potent and selective 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptor partial agonist of the DOx amphetamine series
A long-acting, chlorine-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine psychedelic first synthesized by Coutts and Malicky in 1973, subsequently characterized by Shulgin, distinguished wi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1693 DOB
Substituted phenethylamine 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptor agonist of the 4-substituted 25-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOx) series
A potent, long-acting hallucinogenic amphetamine derivative synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967, distinguished within the DOx series by its 4-bromo substituent and its exte...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1672 Danicamtiv
Selective small-molecule cardiac myosin activator (beta-myosin heavy chain allosteric modulator)
A next-generation cardiac myosin activator discovered at MyoKardia that enhances sarcomeric contractility by recruiting myosin heads into force-generating states and slowing cro...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1921 Carnosinol (ZM-1)
Carnosinase-resistant histidyl dipeptide derivative and selective reactive carbonyl species scavenger
A rationally designed, orally bioavailable amino alcohol derivative of L-carnosine engineered for resistance to serum carnosinase hydrolysis and selective sequestration of cytot...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1915 Cardamonin
Naturally occurring chalcone with multi-target anti-inflammatory antioxidant and antineoplastic activity via NF-kB suppression Nrf2 activation and TRPA1 antagonism
A dietary chalcone from the Zingiberaceae family characterized by convergent NF-kB suppression, Nrf2-driven antioxidant induction, and selective TRPA1 antagonism, with expanding...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1945 Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)
Non-psychoactive acidic phytocannabinoid; dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist and multi-target biosynthetic precursor cannabinoid
The central biosynthetic precursor of all major phytocannabinoids, distinguished from its decarboxylated form cannabigerol and from other acidic cannabinoids by potent TRPM7 ion...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1942 Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
Non-psychoactive propyl phytocannabinoid with multimodal TRP channel agonism GPR55 antagonism and TLR4/MD2-mediated anti-inflammatory activity
A propyl-chain homolog of cannabidiol isolated from Cannabis sativa, distinguished by CB1-independent anticonvulsant activity mediated through transient receptor potential chann...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1946 Cannabidiphorol (CBDP)
Non-psychoactive heptyl-chain phytocannabinoid of the cannabidiol homolog series with negative allosteric modulation at CB1 and positive allosteric modulation at mu-opioid receptors
A naturally occurring seven-carbon alkyl chain homolog of cannabidiol first isolated from Cannabis sativa L. variety FM2, distinguished from the parent compound by dual-site neg...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1944 Cannabicyclol (CBL)
Minor phytocannabinoid of the CBL-type structural class; photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition product of cannabichromene (CBC) with potent positive allosteric modulation of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor
A non-psychoactive minor phytocannabinoid formed by photochemical intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of cannabichromene, distinguished from the major cannabinoids by a constrain...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1943 Cannabichromene (CBC)
Non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid of the 2H-chromene (benzopyran) structural class with potent TRPA1 agonism moderate CB2 receptor agonism and endocannabinoid reuptake inhibition
A non-psychotropic chromene-type phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa, distinguished from cannabidiol and other minor cannabinoids by potent and selective TRPA1 agonism, modera...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1666 Bempedoic acid
First-in-class oral ATP citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor prodrug with hepatic-selective cholesterol biosynthesis suppression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) co-activation
A liver-targeted dicarboxylic acid prodrug developed by Esperion Therapeutics as a non-statin oral LDL-cholesterol-lowering agent, distinguished by hepatic activation through ve...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1670 AV-101
Orally active prodrug of 7-chlorokynurenic acid a potent and selective antagonist of the glycine co-agonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
A chlorinated kynurenine amino acid prodrug developed as a brain-penetrant strategy for selective NMDA receptor glycine site blockade, investigated as a rapid-acting antidepress...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1677 Atogepant
Oral small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist (gepant)
A potent, selective, orally administered CGRP receptor antagonist developed through the Merck-Allergan-AbbVie gepant pipeline, approved for the preventive treatment of episodic ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1923 Aminoguanidine
Hydrazine-derived guanidine compound; prototype advanced glycation end-product formation inhibitor reactive dicarbonyl scavenger and preferential inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
A nucleophilic hydrazine compound identified at Rockefeller University as the first pharmacological inhibitor of advanced glycation end-product formation, subsequently advanced ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1922 Alagebrium (ALT-711)
Thiazolium-based advanced glycation end-product crosslink breaker
A phenacylthiazolium salt developed by Alteon Inc. as the first clinically tested agent capable of cleaving established advanced glycation end-product crosslinks between long-li...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1700 4-HO-MiPT
Substituted 4-hydroxytryptamine serotonin receptor agonist with 5-HT2A partial agonism and serotonin transporter inhibition
A synthetic psilocin analog bearing asymmetric N-methyl-N-isopropyl substitution, characterized by high-affinity 5-HT2A receptor partial agonism, full 5-HT2C agonism, moderate s...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1698 4-HO-MET
Substituted 4-hydroxytryptamine serotonin receptor agonist with predominant 5-HT2A activity and structural homology to psilocin
A synthetic N-methyl-N-ethyl homolog of psilocin first prepared by Shulgin and characterized by Repke, distinguished from the parent compound by asymmetric N,N-dialkylation and ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1699 4-AcO-MET
Synthetic 4-substituted indole tryptamine; O-acetylated prodrug of 4-HO-MET (metocin) with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism
A synthetic O-acetyl tryptamine prodrug of 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine, distinguished within the 4-substituted tryptamine class by asymmetric N-methyl-N-ethyl substitut...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1697 4-AcO-DMT
Synthetic tryptamine indole ester; O-acetyl prodrug of psilocin with non-selective serotonin receptor agonism
A semi-synthetic 4-substituted tryptamine first prepared at Sandoz in 1963 as an O-acetyl ester of psilocin, now investigated as an economical, shelf-stable psilocin prodrug alt...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1687 2C-I
Substituted phenethylamine serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist with hallucinogenic and anti-inflammatory activity
A 4-iodo-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1977, distinguished within the 2C series by high 5-HT2A receptor affinity, biased agon...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1686 2C-E
Substituted phenethylamine psychedelic; 5-HT2A/2C receptor partial agonist of the 2C series
A 4-ethyl-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine psychedelic synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1977, distinguished within the 2C series by an unusually steep dose-response cu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1688 2C-D
Substituted 25-dimethoxyphenethylamine with serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor partial agonism and trace amine-associated receptor 1 activity
A 4-methyl-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine first synthesized at the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences and subsequently characterized by Alexander Shulgin, dist...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1689 2C-C
Substituted phenethylamine serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor partial agonist of the 2C hallucinogen series
A chlorinated 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine psychedelic first prepared as a 6-hydroxydopamine analog intermediate and subsequently characterized by Alexander Shulgin, distinguishe...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1685 2C-B
Substituted phenethylamine psychedelic with mixed 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonism and low-potency monoamine transporter inhibition
A 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974, structurally derived from mescaline, distinguished from classical tryptamine psychedelics by a sh...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1929 2BAct
Selective small-molecule eIF2B activator and integrated stress response modulator with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane scaffold
An asymmetric bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-centered eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activator developed at Calico Life Sciences as a pharmacologically optimized successor to ISRIB, dem...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1694 25I-NBOMe
Substituted phenethylamine psychedelic; ultrapotent full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with N-2-methoxybenzyl pharmacophore
An N-benzylmethoxy derivative of the phenethylamine 2C-I, distinguished by sub-nanomolar 5-HT2A receptor agonist affinity, sub-milligram psychoactive potency, validated utility ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1695 25C-NBOMe
Synthetic N-benzylphenethylamine hallucinogen; potent 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist of the NBOMe series
A superpotent synthetic phenethylamine 5-HT2A receptor agonist derived from the 2C-C scaffold by N-2-methoxybenzyl substitution, originally developed as a positron emission tomo...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1696 25B-NBOMe
Potent synthetic N-benzylphenethylamine 5-HT2A receptor full agonist with subnanomolar binding affinity
A subnanomolar-affinity serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist derived from 2C-B by N-(2-methoxybenzyl) substitution, developed as a pharmacological tool for 5-HT2A receptor characte...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1935 2-BFI
Selective imidazoline I2 receptor agonist with non-competitive NMDA receptor modulatory activity
A high-affinity, selective imidazoline I2 receptor agonist originally developed as a radioligand probe for non-adrenergic imidazoline binding sites, now investigated for neuropr...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1646 Novel 60/100 Traxoprodil
NR2B subunit-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
A second-generation phenylethanol amine ifenprodil derivative developed at Pfizer as a forebrain-selective neuroprotectant, distinguished from first-generation NR2B antagonists ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1654 Novel 68/100 Tofersen
Antisense oligonucleotide targeting SOD1 mRNA via RNase H-dependent degradation for SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A 2'-O-methoxyethyl gapmer antisense oligonucleotide developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and Biogen for intrathecal reduction of SOD1 protein in genetically defined SOD1-associat...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1659 Novel 22/100 Simufilam
Small-molecule filamin A conformation modulator proposed to disrupt amyloid beta-driven tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
A spirocyclic triazaspirodecanone developed by Cassava Sciences to target an altered conformation of the scaffolding protein filamin A in Alzheimer's disease, discontinued in No...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1644 Novel 44/100 Dalzanemdor
First-in-class oxysterol-derived positive allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
A first-in-class synthetic analog of the endogenous cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, developed by Sage Therapeutics as an oral NMDA receptor positive allosteric ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1657 Novel 45/100 Roluperidone
Sigma-2 receptor antagonist and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with alpha-1A adrenergic receptor antagonism
A cyclic amide derivative with equipotent nanomolar antagonism at sigma-2 and 5-HT2A receptors, developed by Minerva Neurosciences as monotherapy for the negative symptoms of sc...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1658 Novel 51/100 Reldesemtiv
Second-generation fast skeletal muscle troponin activator (FSTA) selective for fast skeletal muscle fibers
A next-generation fast skeletal muscle troponin activator developed by Cytokinetics to amplify skeletal muscle force output through calcium sensitization of the sarcomere, evalu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1652 Novel 60/100 Petrelintide
Long-acting lipidated human amylin analog and dual amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA) for once-weekly subcutaneous administration
A 36-amino-acid acylated peptide engineered from human amylin with a lactam bridge, N-methylations, and C20 diacid lipidation enabling neutral-pH stability, albumin-mediated hal...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1653 Novel 59/100 Omecamtiv Mecarbil
First-in-class selective small-molecule cardiac myosin activator
A selective allosteric activator of the cardiac myosin heavy chain discovered at Cytokinetics through high-throughput sarcomere screening, distinguished from all prior inotropes...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1651 Novel 46/100 NPT520-34
Orally bioavailable brain-penetrant small molecule toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) antagonist with dual activity promoting autophagic clearance of alpha-synuclein aggregates and attenuating neuroinflammation
A first-in-class small molecule TLR2 antagonist developed by Neuropore Therapies for Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acting through dual suppression of ne...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1656 Novel 54/100 Navacaprant
Selective reversible kappa opioid receptor antagonist with no agonist activity at kappa mu or delta opioid receptors
A fluorinated quinoline-oxadiazole kappa opioid receptor antagonist discovered at Scripps Research and advanced through Phase 3 clinical trials for major depressive disorder, di...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1640 Novel 47/100 LM22B-10
Non-peptide triarylmethane small-molecule TrkB/TrkC neurotrophin receptor co-activator
A triarylmethane neurotrophin mimetic identified through in silico screening of BDNF loop-domain pharmacophores, distinguished as the first small molecule to co-activate TrkB an...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1655 Novel 49/100 Lanicemine
Low-trapping non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blocker
A phenylethylamine NMDA channel blocker distinguished from ketamine by low channel trapping (54% versus 86%), originally developed by AstraZeneca as a neuroprotectant for acute ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1648 Novel 50/100 Iclepertin
Selective glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor for glutamatergic NMDA receptor enhancement
A potent azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane methanone GlyT1 inhibitor developed by Boehringer Ingelheim to normalize glutamatergic hypofunction in schizophrenia, distinguished by positive ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1649 Novel 70/100 Fasudil
Isoquinolinesulfonamide Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor with vasodilatory anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity
An isoquinolinesulfonamide kinase inhibitor developed by Asahi Kasei as the first clinically approved ROCK inhibitor, registered in Japan and China for cerebral vasospasm after ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1641 Novel 69/100 Elamipretide
Mitochondria-targeted aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane
A first-in-class cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide developed by Szeto and Schiller that stabilizes mitochondrial cristae architecture, restores electron transport chain supercomp...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1647 Novel 65/100 Danavorexton
Selective orexin 2 receptor agonist (nonpeptide intravenous piperidine carbamate)
A selective nonpeptide orexin 2 receptor agonist developed at Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, the first small-molecule OX2R agonist to achieve clinical proof of concept for orexi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1642 Novel 47/100 CMS121
Geroneuroprotective small molecule; synthetic fisetin derivative; fatty acid synthase inhibitor with anti-ferroptotic and anti-inflammatory activity
A synthetic quinoline derivative of the flavonoid fisetin, developed at the Salk Institute through phenotypic screening against age-associated neuronal cell death, that inhibits...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1650 Novel 43/100 CAD-31
Trifluoroacetyl hydrazone geroneuroprotector with AMPK-mediated neuroprotective and neurogenic activity
A synthetic trifluoroacetyl hydrazone derived from the curcumin scaffold via four generations of phenotypic optimization at the Salk Institute, selected for combined neuroprotec...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1645 Novel 49/100 ANAVEX 3-71
Dual allosteric M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist
A spirocyclic thiadiazine-piperidine compound developed at the Israel Institute for Biological Research as a dual allosteric M1 muscarinic and sigma-1 receptor agonist, distingu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1660 Novel 75/100 Acoramidis
Selective transthyretin tetramer kinetic stabilizer designed to mimic the naturally occurring T119M protective variant
A fluorinated benzoic acid derivative engineered to replicate the enthalpy-driven transthyretin stabilization of the protective T119M genetic variant, approved for transthyretin...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1569 Novel 57/100 Zelquistinel
Novel positive allosteric modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor acting at a unique extracellular binding site independent of the glycine co-agonist site
A third-generation, orally bioavailable spirocyclic beta-lactam NMDA receptor modulator developed from the rapastinel peptidomimetic platform, distinguished by nanomolar positiv...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1457 72/100 Xanomeline-Trospium
Fixed-dose combination of an M1/M4-preferring muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist and a peripherally restricted non-selective muscarinic antagonist
A first-in-class muscarinic agonist combination pairing the centrally acting M1/M4-preferring agonist xanomeline with the peripherally restricted muscarinic antagonist trospium ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1483 65/100 Withaferin-A
Steroidal lactone withanolide with multi-target anticancer anti-inflammatory and metabolic activity
A C28-ergostane-type steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, distinguished by covalent multi-target pharmacology spanning NF-kappaB inhibition, vimentin intermediate...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1408 68/100 VK-2735
Dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist acylated peptide for obesity and metabolic disease
A 39-amino-acid acylated incretin peptide developed by Viking Therapeutics as a dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide rece...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1399 Novel 52/100 Vilon
Synthetic immunomodulatory dipeptide bioregulator of thymic origin with epigenetic chromatin-remodeling activity
A synthetic dipeptide (L-Lys-L-Glu) derived from structural analysis of the thymic polypeptide complex Thymalin, developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1510 Novel 56/100 Vesugen
Synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp) targeting vascular endothelial gene expression through epigenetic modulation
A Khavinson-class synthetic tripeptide bioregulator derived from vascular wall protein sequences, characterized by epigenetic modulation of endothelial proliferation markers, en...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1575 68/100 Verteporfin
Benzoporphyrin derivative photosensitizer with light-independent YAP-TEAD transcriptional complex inhibition
A second-generation benzoporphyrin derivative photosensitizer approved for ocular photodynamic therapy, distinguished from first-generation porphyrins by rapid clearance, select...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1605 68/100 Vatiquinone
Para-benzoquinone anti-ferroptotic agent and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor derived from alpha-tocotrienol
A synthetic alpha-tocotrienol quinone developed by Edison Pharmaceuticals as a first-in-class 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor and anti-ferroptotic cytoprotectant for inherited mitocho...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1499 72/100 Vadadustat
Oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) targeting PHD1 PHD2 and PHD3
An oral 2-oxoglutarate-competitive inhibitor of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain enzymes developed by Akebia Therapeutics for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease, d...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1473 60/100 Urolithin-B
Dibenzopyranone gut microbiota metabolite derived from ellagitannin catabolism with anabolic anti-inflammatory antioxidant and neuroprotective activity
A monohydroxylated dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one produced by colonic microflora from dietary ellagitannins and ellagic acid, distinguished from the structurally related urolithin A by...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1600 Novel 61/100 UBX1325
Senolytic Bcl-xL inhibitor (phosphate prodrug); small-molecule inducer of apoptosis in senescent retinal vascular endothelial cells
A first-in-class senolytic Bcl-xL inhibitor developed by Unity Biotechnology as an intravitreal therapy for diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration, distingu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1553 61/100 Turinabol
4-chloro-substituted 17alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from metandienone with dissociated anabolic-to-androgenic activity ratio
A 4-chloro-1,2-dehydro-17alpha-methyltestosterone developed at Jenapharm as a clinical anabolic agent for muscle wasting and bone density disorders, distinguished from its paren...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1507 70/100 Tuftsin
Endogenous immunostimulatory tetrapeptide derived from the CH2 domain of immunoglobulin G
A spleen-dependent, IgG-derived tetrapeptide that activates phagocytic cells through neuropilin-1 receptor binding, stimulating macrophage phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and tumorici...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1608 76/100 TUDCA
Hydrophilic taurine-conjugated bile acid with chemical chaperone activity and endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation
A taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid distinguished by chemical chaperone activity at the endoplasmic reticulum, cytoprotective modulation of the unfolded protein response...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1599 60/100 TRV045
Selective sphingosine-1-phosphate subtype 1 receptor (S1P1R) agonist with sustained signaling and absence of receptor desensitization or lymphocyte sequestration
A selective S1P1 receptor agonist developed by Trevena as a non-opioid treatment for diabetic neuropathic pain, distinguished from fingolimod-class functional antagonists by sus...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1624 76/100 Trimetazidine
Piperazine-derived partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor (p-FOX) and metabolic modulator of myocardial energy substrate utilization
A cytoprotective anti-ischemic piperazine developed by Laboratoires Servier as the first metabolic modulator of cardiac energy substrate preference, distinguished from hemodynam...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1609 76/100 Tributyrin
Triglyceride prodrug of butyric acid with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity
A glycerol tributyrate ester functioning as a stable, orally bioavailable prodrug of butyric acid, distinguished from other butyrate delivery forms by its resistance to gastric ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1566 86/100 Tretinoin
Endogenous retinoid and pan-retinoic acid receptor agonist with genomic transcriptional regulation
The principal biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, functioning as a pan-RAR agonist that regulates epithelial differentiation, collagen biosynthesis, and myeloid cell ma...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1519 63/100 Topilitumide
Topical nonsteroidal antiandrogen of the perfluoroacylamido-arylpropanamide class with rapid serum hydrolysis and local androgen receptor suppression
A rationally designed, serum-labile topical antiandrogen engineered from the flutamide scaffold for androgen receptor suppression in dermal tissue without systemic absorption, d...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1616 69/100 Tetrahydropalmatine
Tetrahydroprotoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid with multi-target dopamine receptor antagonism and analgesic sedative and anti-addictive activity
A plant-derived protoberberine alkaloid from Corydalis yanhusuo and Stephania rotunda with documented dopamine D1/D2/D3 receptor antagonism, analgesic and sedative properties ro...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1405 Novel 51/100 Testagen
Synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator with testicular tissue-specific epigenetic and steroidogenesis-modulating activity
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as the defined active sequence of the testicular polypept...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1557 83/100 Telmisartan
Non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist with selective partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism
A biphenyl-benzimidazole angiotensin II receptor blocker developed at Boehringer Ingelheim, distinguished from other sartans by intrinsic partial agonist activity at the nuclear...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1415 73/100 Teduglutide
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-resistant glucagon-like peptide-2 analog and GLP-2 receptor agonist
A recombinant 33-amino-acid analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 bearing a single glycine-for-alanine substitution at position 2 that confers resistance to dipeptidyl peptida...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1451 61/100 TB-500 Fragment
Synthetic heptapeptide fragment of thymosin beta-4 encompassing the actin-binding domain (residues 17-23) with N-terminal acetylation
A synthetic N-acetylated heptapeptide (Ac-LKKTETQ) derived from the central actin-binding domain of thymosin beta-4, investigated for tissue repair, angiogenesis, anti-inflammat...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1629 75/100 Tasimelteon
Dual melatonin receptor agonist (MT1/MT2) with circadian rhythm entrainment activity
A synthetic dihydrobenzofuran-cyclopropane melatonin receptor agonist developed at Bristol-Myers Squibb and advanced by Vanda Pharmaceuticals as the first FDA-approved pharmacot...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1555 83/100 Tadalafil
Selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with secondary PDE11 activity
A long-acting beta-carboline-derived cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor developed by ICOS and Eli Lilly for erectile dysfunction, subsequently approved for benign prostatic ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1420 49/100 Tabimorelin
Orally active peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) agonist
A modified polypeptide derived from ipamorelin at Novo Nordisk, representing the first orally bioavailable peptidomimetic ghrelin receptor agonist advanced to Phase 2 clinical e...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1592 Novel 68/100 Tabernanthalog
Non-hallucinogenic ibogaine analog and serotonergic psychoplastogen with 5-HT2A partial agonist activity promoting structural neuroplasticity
A rationally designed, water-soluble, non-hallucinogenic analog of ibogaine engineered through function-oriented synthesis to retain psychoplastogenic neuroplasticity and precli...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1635 Novel 62/100 T3D-959
Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta/gamma (PPARd/g) agonist with primary PPARd selectivity and brain-penetrant insulin-sensitizing activity
A non-thiazolidinedione dual nuclear receptor agonist originally developed for metabolic disease and repositioned as a first-in-class brain insulin-sensitizing therapy for Alzhe...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1576 Novel 71/100 Suzetrigine
Selective NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor (non-opioid peripheral analgesic)
A first-in-class, peripherally restricted NaV1.8 sodium channel inhibitor developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals as a non-opioid analgesic for moderate-to-severe acute pain, distin...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1554 43/100 Superdrol
Synthetic 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone
A potent orally active 2-alpha,17-alpha-dimethylated dihydrotestosterone derivative with a high anabolic-to-androgenic dissociation ratio, originally synthesized by Syntex in 19...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1621 61/100 Stemoxydine
Prolyl-4-hydroxylase competitive inhibitor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha stabilizer (2-oxoglutarate analog)
A synthetic pyridinedicarboxylate ester developed by L'Oreal Research and Innovation as a topical hypoxia-mimetic agent that stabilizes HIF-1 alpha in perifollicular tissue, sho...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1388 66/100 SS-20
Mitochondria-targeted cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide without intrinsic radical-scavenging activity
A synthetic Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptide (Phe-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) that selectively concentrates on the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interacti...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1387 67/100 Spexin
Endogenous neuropeptide agonist of galanin receptor type 2 (GALR2) and galanin receptor type 3 (GALR3)
A 14-amino-acid C-terminally amidated neuropeptide of the galanin/kisspeptin/spexin superfamily, identified by bioinformatic hidden Markov model screening of the human proteome ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1382 78/100 Somatropin
Recombinant human growth hormone (191-amino acid single-chain polypeptide identical to endogenous pituitary 22 kDa growth hormone)
A 191-amino acid recombinant polypeptide identical to endogenous pituitary-derived 22 kDa human growth hormone, produced by recombinant DNA technology in Escherichia coli or Sac...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1383 69/100 Somatrogon
Long-acting recombinant human growth hormone receptor agonist (CTP-modified growth hormone fusion protein)
A long-acting glycoprotein fusion of recombinant human growth hormone with three copies of the C-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, engineered by OPK...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1522 46/100 SM-04554
Small-molecule Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway activator for topical dermatological application
A synthetic 1,4-diketone Wnt pathway activator developed by Samumed (Biosplice Therapeutics) as a topical treatment for androgenetic alopecia, distinguished by its mechanism of ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1467 66/100 SkQ1
Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone-based antioxidant conjugated to a penetrating lipophilic cation (triphenylphosphonium)
A rechargeable, mitochondria-accumulating plastoquinone derivative developed at Lomonosov Moscow State University as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species at the inner m...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1556 85/100 Sildenafil
Selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor of the pyrazolopyrimidinone structural class
A pyrazolopyrimidinone-based cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor originally developed at Pfizer as an antianginal agent, repositioned as the first oral pharma...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1618 61/100 Setipiprant
Selective CRTH2 (prostaglandin D2 receptor 2/DP2) antagonist of the tetrahydropyridoindole structural class
A potent, orally bioavailable tetrahydropyridoindole antagonist of the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2/DP2), developed at Actelion as ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1526 67/100 Seltorexant
Selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) with antidepressant and sleep-promoting activity
A selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Minerva Neurosciences as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder with insomnia sy...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1393 63/100 Selepressin
Selective vasopressin V1a receptor peptide full agonist
A synthetic nonapeptide vasopressin analog developed at Ferring Pharmaceuticals as a potent, highly selective, short-acting full agonist of the vasopressin type 1a receptor, des...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1610 71/100 Schisandrin B
Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan with pleiotropic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity
A principal bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, distinguished by potent Nrf2-dependent antioxidant induction, NF-kB suppressi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1604 64/100 SBT-272
Mitochondria-targeted cardiolipin-stabilizing peptidomimetic with enhanced central nervous system penetration
A next-generation cardiolipin-binding peptidomimetic developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics as a brain-penetrant successor to elamipretide (SS-31), designed to restore mitochondri...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1634 Novel 71/100 Saroglitazar
Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma (PPARalpha/gamma) agonist with predominant PPARalpha activity
A first-in-class dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist developed by Zydus Cadila as the first new chemical entity discovered and approved in India, indicated for diabetic dyslipidemia an...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1613 73/100 Salidroside
Phenylpropanoid glycoside (tyrosol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) adaptogen with pleiotropic antioxidant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity
A naturally occurring phenylethanol glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea and related Crassulaceae species, characterized by activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 axis and inhibition of ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1506 52/100 Retinalamin
Polypeptide bioregulator complex derived from bovine retinal tissue with retinoprotective and neurotrophic activity
A tissue-derived polypeptide fraction developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a retinoprotective agent, distinguished from conventional neu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1633 Novel 75/100 Resmetirom
Liver-directed beta-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist (thyromimetic)
A first-in-class, orally administered, hepatocyte-targeted partial agonist of thyroid hormone receptor beta developed by Madrigal Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of metabolic ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1421 69/100 Relamorelin
Synthetic pentapeptide ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist with gastrocolokinetic and growth hormone secretagogue activity
A synthetic pentapeptide ghrelin analog developed as a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonist with approximately sixfold greater potency than native ghrelin, adv...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1489 66/100 R-13
Flavonoid-derived carbamate prodrug of 78-dihydroxyflavone with selective tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist activity
A rationally designed bis-carbamate prodrug of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone engineered for improved oral bioavailability and sustained brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activat...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1619 60/100 Pyrilutamide
Nonsteroidal antiandrogen; selective silent androgen receptor antagonist of the thiohydantoin structural class
A topical nonsteroidal antiandrogen developed by Kintor Pharmaceuticals as a first-in-class selective silent antagonist of the androgen receptor for the treatment of androgeneti...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1573 Novel 68/100 Procyanidin C1
B-type proanthocyanidin trimer (oligomeric flavan-3-ol) with senolytic senomorphic and multi-target anti-inflammatory activity
A naturally occurring epicatechin trimer from grape seed extract identified as a dual-mode senotherapeutic agent that selectively eliminates senescent cells at high concentratio...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1537 44/100 PRL-8-53
Substituted phenethylamine benzoate ester with hypermnesic (memory-enhancing) activity and mixed dopaminergic-cholinergic-serotonergic pharmacology
A synthetic amino ethyl meta-benzoic acid methyl ester developed at Creighton University in the 1970s as a novel psychotropic agent, distinguished by a single double-blind human...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1549 63/100 Primobolan
Synthetic androstane anabolic-androgenic steroid; 1-methyl dihydrotestosterone derivative with moderate androgen receptor agonism
A non-17-alpha-alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivative developed by Squibb and Schering for refractory anemia and catabolic wasting, distinguished from other anabolic-androgeni...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1464 Novel 66/100 PRE-084
Selective sigma-1 receptor agonist derived from phencyclidine with neuroprotective nootropic and neurotrophic activity
A phencyclidine-derived sigma-1 receptor agonist developed as a pharmacological tool compound, distinguished by high selectivity over sigma-2 and PCP receptors and by a broad pr...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1528 51/100 PPAP-HCl
Catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE) and dopamine transporter reuptake inhibitor derived from the phenylalkylamine/substituted amphetamine scaffold
A selegiline-derived catecholaminergic activity enhancer that potentiates impulse-dependent dopamine and norepinephrine release in the brain without monoamine oxidase inhibition...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1521 57/100 PP-405
First-in-class dual mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC1/MPC2) inhibitor for topical hair follicle stem cell activation
A proprietary small-molecule mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor developed at UCLA and advanced by Pelage Pharmaceuticals as a topical therapy for androgenetic alopecia, di...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1615 48/100 Polygalasaponin F
Oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with multi-target neuroprotective anti-inflammatory and cognition-enhancing activity
An oleanane triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt. with demonstrated neuroprotection against ischemic and excitotoxic injury, long-term potentiation enhance...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1459 Novel 73/100 Pirenzepine
Selective M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist of the pyridobenzodiazepinone structural class
A peripherally selective, M1-preferring muscarinic antagonist developed at Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH (Boehringer Ingelheim) as a gastric antisecretory agent for peptic ulcer disease,...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1482 69/100 Piperlongumine
Electrophilic alphabeta-unsaturated delta-valerolactam alkaloid amide with pro-oxidant and multi-target anticancer activity
A naturally occurring cinnamoyl-dihydropyridinone amide alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L. (long pepper) with selective pro-oxidant cytotoxicity toward transformed cells, mu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1428 69/100 Phenylpiracetam
Racetam-class nootropic and psychostimulant with dopamine transporter inhibition nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation and AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulation
A 4-phenyl derivative of piracetam developed at the Russian Institute of Biomedical Problems as a cosmonaut performance enhancer, distinguished from the parent racetam by stereo...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1452 65/100 Pentadeca Arginate
Arginate salt of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC-157 a cytoprotective and tissue-regenerative 15-amino-acid oligopeptide
An arginine-salt formulation of the gastric pentadecapeptide BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) developed to improve oral bioavailability and acid stability, retaining the p...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1410 Novel 64/100 Pemvidutide
Balanced dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor agonist peptide with glycolipid half-life extension
A 29-amino-acid unimolecular peptide engineered for equipotent GLP-1 and glucagon receptor co-agonism, conjugated to a proprietary glycolipid moiety for weekly subcutaneous dosi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1625 Novel 66/100 Pelacarsen
GalNAc3-conjugated 2'-MOE antisense oligonucleotide targeting apolipoprotein(a) mRNA for lipoprotein(a) reduction
A hepatocyte-directed, triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Novartis, designed to selective...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1424 68/100 Pegvisomant
PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone receptor antagonist
A protein-engineered, PEGylated analog of human growth hormone carrying nine amino acid substitutions that confer high-affinity binding at growth hormone receptor site 1 and fun...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1630 66/100 Pegozafermin
GlycoPEGylated fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog with extended half-life for metabolic and hepatic disease
A long-acting glycoPEGylated analog of fibroblast growth factor 21 engineered to recapitulate the endocrine metabolic activity of native FGF21, developed by 89bio for the treatm...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1392 72/100 Pasireotide
Multi-receptor somatostatin analog with preferential somatostatin receptor subtype 5 agonism
A second-generation cyclohexapeptide somatostatin analog developed at Novartis as a multi-receptor-targeted antisecretory agent, distinguished from first-generation analogs by b...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1523 68/100 Paraxanthine
Dimethylxanthine adenosine receptor antagonist and selective cGMP-preferring phosphodiesterase (PDE9) inhibitor
The principal dimethylxanthine metabolite of caffeine in humans, distinguished from the parent compound and from other methylxanthines by selective inhibition of cGMP-preferring...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1403 Novel 51/100 Pancragen
Synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell differentiation and function
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp) developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a tissue-specific epigenetic modulator of pancreatic c...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1494 77/100 Palmitoylethanolamide
Endogenous N-acylethanolamide lipid mediator with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonism and mast cell modulatory activity
An endogenous fatty acid amide biosynthesized from membrane phospholipids, identified as an anti-inflammatory factor in the 1950s and subsequently characterized as a peroxisome ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1491 Novel 67/100 P7C3-A20
Aminopropyl carbazole neuroprotective agent functioning as a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) positive allosteric modulator
A synthetic 3,6-dibromocarbazole derivative discovered through target-agnostic in vivo neurogenesis screening, distinguished by its activation of the NAD+ salvage enzyme NAMPT a...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1406 Novel 52/100 Ovagen
Synthetic hepatoprotective tripeptide bioregulator of the Khavinson ultrashort peptide class
A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Leu) developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a tissue-specific epigenetic bioregulator targeting hepatic ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1606 69/100 Omaveloxolone
Semi-synthetic oleanane triterpenoid Nrf2 activator and NF-kappaB inhibitor
A second-generation synthetic triterpenoid developed by Reata Pharmaceuticals as a potent activator of the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway and the first FDA-approved pharmacotherapy...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1626 Novel 69/100 Olpasiran
N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated small interfering RNA (GalNAc-siRNA) targeting hepatic LPA messenger RNA for lipoprotein(a) reduction
A synthetic, chemically modified, GalNAc-conjugated siRNA developed by Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Amgen that silences hepatic LPA gene expression through RNA inte...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1390 82/100 Octreotide
Synthetic cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analog with preferential binding to somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5
A disulfide-bridged octapeptide analog of hypothalamic somatostatin-14 developed at Sandoz as SMS 201-995, distinguished from the native hormone by a 30-fold increase in inhibit...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1538 42/100 Nortadalafil
Synthetic phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor; N-desmethyl analogue of tadalafil
An unapproved, demethylated structural analogue of tadalafil with retained nanomolar PDE5 inhibitory potency, identified principally as a synthetic adulterant in dietary supplem...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1485 74/100 Nicotinamide-Riboside
Pyridine nucleoside NAD+ precursor and vitamin B3 vitamer
A naturally occurring pyridine nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that serves as a direct precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) through the nicotinamide riboside kina...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1558 77/100 Nebivolol
Third-generation beta-1 selective adrenergic receptor antagonist with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory activity
A highly beta-1 selective adrenergic receptor antagonist distinguished from all other marketed beta-blockers by endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation mediated through ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1396 79/100 Nafarelin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist decapeptide with pituitary GnRH receptor desensitization activity
A synthetic decapeptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone bearing a D-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine substitution at position 6, developed at Syntex Research as an intranasal GnRH...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1596 71/100 NA-1
Synthetic eicosapeptide inhibitor of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) with neuroprotective activity mediated by disruption of NMDA receptor excitotoxic signaling
A cell-permeant Tat-conjugated peptide designed to uncouple NMDA receptor activation from downstream neurotoxic signaling by inhibiting the scaffolding protein PSD-95, advanced ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1497 66/100 MK-8722
Direct pan-activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) binding the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site
A potent, orally bioavailable, direct allosteric pan-AMPK activator developed at Merck Research Laboratories that produces insulin-independent skeletal muscle glucose uptake acr...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1469 Novel 72/100 MitoTEMPO
Mitochondria-targeted nitroxide antioxidant and superoxide dismutase mimetic
A triphenylphosphonium-conjugated piperidine nitroxide developed as a mitochondria-selective superoxide scavenger, distinguished from conventional antioxidants by its several-hu...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1598 65/100 Mirogabalin
Selective alpha-2-delta-1 subunit ligand of voltage-gated calcium channels (gabapentinoid)
A next-generation gabapentinoid developed by Daiichi Sankyo with preferential binding and prolonged dissociation kinetics at the alpha-2-delta-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1544 72/100 Mirodenafil
Selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor of the pyrrolopyrimidinone structural class
A second-generation pyrrolopyrimidinone PDE5 inhibitor developed by SK Chemicals in South Korea for erectile dysfunction, distinguished from first-generation agents by approxima...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1532 80/100 Mirabegron
Selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist with secondary CYP2D6 inhibitory activity
A selective beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist developed by Astellas Pharma as the first non-antimuscarinic oral treatment for overactive bladder, distinguished from the antimuscarinic...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1639 44/100 Methallylescaline
Substituted phenethylamine psychedelic of the scaline series; 5-HT2A receptor agonist and structural analog of mescaline
A synthetic 4-methallyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine first characterized by Alexander Shulgin, distinguished from mescaline by approximately six-fold greater potency, prolonge...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1422 72/100 Mecasermin
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (rhIGF-1) a 70-amino-acid single-chain polypeptide with three intramolecular disulfide bonds
A recombinant analog of endogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 developed at Genentech and commercialized by Tercica (later Ipsen) for the treatment of severe primary IGF-1 defi...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1423 57/100 Mecasermin rinfabate
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 equimolar binary complex (rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3)
A recombinant equimolar binary protein complex of human IGF-1 and its principal binding protein IGFBP-3, developed by Insmed as iPLEX for subcutaneous replacement therapy in sev...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1550 64/100 Masteron
Synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid; 2-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-propionate ester (androstane-derived androgen receptor agonist)
A non-aromatizable, DHT-derived androgen receptor agonist originally developed by Syntex and approved for palliative treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women,...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1412 64/100 Maritide
Bispecific peptide-antibody conjugate combining GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism
A first-in-class bispecific antibody-peptide conjugate developed at Amgen that pairs a fully human monoclonal glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonist an...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1563 87/100 Magnesium
Essential divalent cation and enzymatic cofactor with voltage-dependent NMDA receptor antagonism and broad physiological regulatory activity
An essential mineral element required as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions, distinguished by its voltage-dependent block of the NMDA receptor ion channel, its role in c...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1419 73/100 Macimorelin
Synthetic peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) agonist
An orally active peptidomimetic ghrelin receptor agonist developed at the University of Montpellier and advanced by Aeterna Zentaris as the first and only approved oral diagnost...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1589 63/100 LPH-5
Selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist of the 25-dimethoxyphenylpiperidine structural class
A conformationally restricted phenethylamine psychedelic developed at Lophora ApS as a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist with robust and persistent antidepressant...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1409 50/100 Lotiglipron
Oral nonpeptide small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
A selective, potent, orally bioavailable small-molecule agonist of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor developed by Pfizer using Sosei Heptares stabilized-receptor techno...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1490 Novel 66/100 LM22A-4
Small-molecule TrkB partial agonist and BDNF loop-domain mimetic
A synthetic tris(hydroxyethyl) benzenetricarboxamide identified by in silico pharmacophore screening as a sub-nanomolar partial agonist of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor, distin...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1389 70/100 LL-37
Cathelicidin-derived cationic antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide
The sole human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, a 37-residue amphipathic alpha-helical cationic peptide released from the precursor protein hCAP-18 by proteinase 3 cl...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1509 Novel 58/100 Livagen
Synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator with hepatoprotective epigenetic chromatin-remodeling and enkephalinase-inhibitory activity
A Khavinson-class synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala) developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology as a liver-targeted bioregulator, distingui...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1590 72/100 Lisuride
Semisynthetic 8-alpha-ergoline dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist with multimodal serotonergic adrenergic and histaminergic activity
A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid dopamine agonist distinguished from other ergolines by 5-HT2B receptor antagonism (conferring absence of cardiac valvulopathy risk), G protein-bia...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1623 68/100 Levosimendan
Calcium sensitizer with phosphodiesterase III inhibition and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation
A pyridazinone-dinitrile inodilator developed at Orion Corporation as a calcium-sensitizing positive inotrope for acutely decompensated heart failure, distinguished from convent...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1638 Novel 67/100 LDN-193189
Selective bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor kinase inhibitor targeting ALK2 and ALK3
A pyrazolopyrimidine-scaffold small molecule derived from dorsomorphin structure-activity optimization, selectively inhibiting BMP type I receptor kinases ALK2 and ALK3 at low-n...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1391 74/100 Lanreotide
Synthetic cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analog with preferential somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 agonism
A cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analog developed by Beaufour-Ipsen as the second clinically available long-acting somatostatin receptor ligand, distinguished by a unique self-...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1516 84/100 L-Carnitine
Endogenous quaternary ammonium compound functioning as an obligate cofactor in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation via the carnitine palmitoyltransferase shuttle system
A conditionally essential nutrient and FDA-approved pharmaceutical (levocarnitine) that mediates the translocation of long-chain fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1527 66/100 KW-6356
Selective non-xanthine adenosine A2A receptor antagonist and inverse agonist
A second-generation, non-xanthine adenosine A2A receptor antagonist and inverse agonist developed by Kyowa Kirin as a successor to istradefylline for the treatment of Parkinson'...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1587 44/100 Itruvone
Synthetic pregnane neuroactive steroid vomeropherine acting via nasal chemosensory receptor activation of olfactory-amygdala neural circuits
A synthetic pregnane steroid pherine developed by Pherin Pharmaceuticals and advanced by VistaGen Therapeutics as an intranasal microgram-dose nasal spray for major depressive d...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1531 56/100 ITPP
Synthetic membrane-permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (inositol pyrophosphate class)
A first-in-class inositol pyrophosphate designed to cross the erythrocyte membrane, reduce hemoglobin oxygen affinity via right-shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, an...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1637 Novel 59/100 ISX-9
Isoxazole-based small molecule neurogenic agent with Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation and GPR68 agonism
A synthetic isoxazole carboxamide identified through phenotypic screening for neuronal cell fate activation, distinguished by calcium-dependent MEF2 de-repression, NeuroD1 induc...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1530 Novel 73/100 ISRIB
Small-molecule eIF2B activator and integrated stress response inhibitor
A symmetrical bis-glycolamide that stabilizes the decameric eIF2B holoenzyme, counteracting phospho-eIF2alpha-mediated translational repression and reversing age-related, trauma...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1565 83/100 Isotretinoin
First-generation retinoid (13-cis-retinoic acid) with sebosuppressive pro-apoptotic anti-keratinizing and immunomodulatory activity
A systemic retinoid derived from vitamin A, developed at Hoffmann-La Roche as a treatment for severe recalcitrant nodular acne, distinguished from other retinoids by potent seba...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1593 Novel 61/100 Ibogainalog
Non-selective serotonin receptor modulator psychoplastogen and ibogaine-derived tricyclic azepinoindole analog
A simplified tricyclic ibogaine analog and potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist with psychoplastogenic, antidepressant, and analgesic activity, distinguished from the parent iboga alk...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1588 66/100 Hydroxynorketamine
Cyclohexanone-based ketamine metabolite with AMPA receptor-potentiating and rapid antidepressant activity
A hydroxylated norketamine metabolite identified as a principal mediator of ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects, distinguished from the parent compound by the absence of NMD...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1632 64/100 HU6
Liver-targeted prodrug of 24-dinitrophenol functioning as a controlled metabolic accelerator through mitochondrial uncoupling via adenine nucleotide translocase activation
A first-in-class controlled metabolic accelerator developed by Rivus Pharmaceuticals as a liver-targeted prodrug of 2,4-dinitrophenol, designed to exploit mitochondrial uncoupli...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1581 59/100 Hopantenic acid
Pantoyl-GABA conjugate nootropic with GABAergic cholinergic and pantothenic acid-related central nervous system activity
A synthetic homolog of pantothenic acid in which beta-alanine is replaced by gamma-aminobutyric acid, developed in the Soviet Union and Japan as a nootropic and neuroprotective ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1479 70/100 Honokiol
Biphenyl neolignan polyphenol with pleiotropic GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation SIRT3 activation and multi-pathway anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activity
A naturally occurring biphenolic neolignan isolated from Magnolia officinalis bark, distinguished by positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors, direct activation of mito...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1397 75/100 Histrelin
Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist nonapeptide with sustained pituitary-gonadal axis suppression through GnRH receptor desensitization and downregulation
A synthetic nonapeptide analog of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone bearing a D-histidine(N-benzyl) substitution at position 6 and an ethylamide C-terminal modification,...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1548 76/100 HGH
Recombinant 191-amino-acid somatotropin protein hormone acting through the GH receptor/JAK2-STAT5/IGF-1 axis
A recombinant human growth hormone (somatropin) identical to endogenous pituitary-derived 22-kDa somatotropin, administered by subcutaneous injection for replacement therapy in ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1579 54/100 Hemantane
Aminoadamantane derivative with low-affinity noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonism selective MAO-B inhibition and dopaminergic modulation
An aminoadamantane-class antiparkinsonian agent developed at the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology in Russia, distinguished from amantadine and memantine by a hexamethylenimine ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1577 66/100 Halneuron
Guanidinium alkaloid voltage-gated sodium channel blocker (tetrodotoxin formulation) for peripheral neuropathic and cancer-related pain
A pharmaceutical-grade injectable formulation of tetrodotoxin developed by WEX Pharmaceuticals (now Dogwood Therapeutics) as a non-opioid, peripherally restricted analgesic that...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1620 67/100 GT20029
Topical proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) androgen receptor degrader
A first-in-class topical PROTAC androgen receptor degrader developed by Kintor Pharmaceutical for androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris, distinguished from conventional antian...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1602 83/100 GlyNAC
Glutathione precursor amino acid combination providing glycine and N-acetylcysteine as rate-limiting substrates for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis
A defined combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine developed at Baylor College of Medicine as a glutathione-replenishing intervention targeting age-associated oxidative stres...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1517 71/100 Glutathione
Endogenous tripeptide thiol antioxidant and phase II conjugation cofactor
The principal low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian cells, serving as the dominant intracellular antioxidant, electrophile conjugation substrate, and redox signaling mediator ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1414 Novel 69/100 Glepaglutide
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) receptor agonist peptide analog
A 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 engineered by Zealand Pharma with nine amino acid substitutions and a C-terminal hexalysine tail to ena...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1513 54/100 GDF11
Transforming growth factor beta superfamily secreted signaling protein (activin/myostatin subclass)
A TGF-beta superfamily ligand identified as a candidate circulating rejuvenation factor through heterochronic parabiosis experiments, with reported effects on cardiac hypertroph...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1525 60/100 GB-115
Retrodipeptide cholecystokinin-1 (CCK-1) receptor antagonist with anxiolytic anti-inflammatory analgesic and immunomodulatory activity
A synthetic retrodipeptide analogue of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) designed at the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, distinguished by selective central CCK-1 ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1562 67/100 Fish-Oil
Marine-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid complex principally eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
A lipid extract of cold-water marine fish tissue containing the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, with established r...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1559 78/100 Ezetimibe
Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor targeting Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter protein
A 2-azetidinone cholesterol absorption inhibitor developed at the Schering-Plough Research Institute, first-in-class for selective blockade of Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 mediated in...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1585 58/100 Etifoxine
Non-benzodiazepine benzoxazine anxiolytic with dual GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulation and TSPO-mediated neurosteroidogenesis
A non-benzodiazepine benzoxazine derivative developed by Hoechst AG and marketed as Stresam, distinguished from classical benzodiazepine anxiolytics by a dual mechanism encompas...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1586 Novel 54/100 Esmethadone
Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with residual low-affinity opioid receptor activity
The (S)-enantiomer of racemic methadone, developed by Relmada Therapeutics as REL-1017 for major depressive disorder on the basis of low-potency, voltage-dependent uncompetitive...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1564 76/100 Eplerenone
Selective steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with 9-alpha11-alpha-epoxy modification conferring high receptor selectivity over androgen and progesterone receptors
A selective aldosterone antagonist derived from the spironolactone scaffold through introduction of a 9-alpha,11-alpha-epoxy group, developed across four pharmaceutical sponsors...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1468 56/100 EPI-743
Para-benzoquinone 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor and redox-active cytoprotectant derived from alpha-tocotrienol quinone
A synthetic vitamin E-derived para-benzoquinone developed by Edison Pharmaceuticals as a potent inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase and augmenter of intracellular glutathione biosynthe...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1560 76/100 Empagliflozin
Selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor of the C-aryl glucoside structural class
A highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor developed by Boehringer Ingelheim as an oral antihyperglycemic agent, distinguished from other gliflozins by the highest SGLT2-to-SGLT1 select...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1540 54/100 Emodin
Natural anthraquinone derivative with multi-target anti-inflammatory antitumor and metabolic regulatory activity
A 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone isolated from Rheum palmatum and related Polygonaceae species, characterized by pleiotropic pharmacology spanning NF-kappaB inhibition, ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1627 68/100 Elinzanetant
Dual neurokinin-1 (NK1) and neurokinin-3 (NK3) receptor antagonist for non-hormonal treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms
A non-hormonal, orally bioavailable dual NK1/NK3 receptor antagonist developed through GlaxoSmithKline, NeRRe Therapeutics, KaNDy Therapeutics, and Bayer for the treatment of mo...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1515 65/100 Elafibranor
Dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta (PPARalpha/delta) agonist with additional PPARgamma activity
A first-in-class dual PPARalpha/delta agonist developed by Genfit for hepatic steatoinflammatory and cholestatic liver diseases, granted FDA accelerated approval in June 2024 as...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1385 56/100 Elabela
Endogenous peptide hormone and apelin receptor (APJ/APLNR) agonist of the apelinergic signaling system
A 32-amino-acid secreted peptide hormone discovered in 2013 as the second endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ/APLNR), essential for vertebrate cardiovascular morphogen...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1631 Novel 65/100 Efimosfermin
Long-acting Fc-fusion fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog with direct antifibrotic anti-steatotic and metabolic regulatory activity
An engineered, once-monthly IgG1-Fc-fused FGF21 analog developed by Novartis and advanced through Boston Pharmaceuticals and GSK for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-assoc...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1411 64/100 Ecnoglutide
cAMP-biased glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with preferential Gs/cAMP signaling over beta-arrestin recruitment
A long-acting, fatty acid-conjugated GLP-1 analog developed at Sciwind Biosciences as the first cAMP signaling-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist, distinguished from semaglutide and ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1574 65/100 DNL343
Small molecule eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) activator and integrated stress response (ISR) inhibitor
A potent, selective, CNS-penetrant bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-centered eIF2B activator developed by Denali Therapeutics for the suppression of aberrant integrated stress response sig...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1486 58/100 Dihydro-NMN
Reduced pyridine nucleotide and potent NAD+ precursor of the dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide class
A reduced-form nicotinamide mononucleotide that bypasses canonical salvage pathway enzymes to elevate cellular NAD+ and NADH more rapidly and to a greater extent than its oxidiz...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1552 66/100 Dianabol
Synthetic 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid; testosterone derivative with C1-C2 dehydrogenation
A 17-alpha-methylated, delta-1-dehydrogenated testosterone derivative developed at CIBA as an orally bioavailable anabolic agent, historically prescribed for catabolic wasting, ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1628 75/100 Daridorexant
Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) with balanced OX1R and OX2R competitive antagonism
A benzimidazole-triazole dual orexin receptor antagonist developed at Actelion and Idorsia Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of insomnia disorder, distinguished from earlier DOR...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1518 73/100 Dapoxetine
Short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with rapid-onset rapid-elimination pharmacokinetics developed for on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation
A naphthalene-derived phenylpropylamine SSRI originally developed at Eli Lilly as an antidepressant candidate, repositioned as the first and only oral pharmacotherapy specifical...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1413 65/100 Dapiglutide
Dual GLP-1/GLP-2 receptor agonist peptide with biased signaling and prolonged pharmacokinetics
A first-in-class 33-amino-acid acylated peptide dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon-like peptide 2 receptors developed by Zealand Pharma for the treatment o...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1407 62/100 Danuglipron
Non-peptide small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor full agonist
An orally bioavailable benzimidazole-carboxylic acid developed at Pfizer as the first clinical-stage small-molecule full agonist of the human GLP-1 receptor, distinguished from ...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1583 Novel 59/100 Cytoflavin
Fixed-dose combination metabolic cytoprotectant comprising succinic acid inosine nicotinamide and riboflavin for mitochondrial energy rescue and antihypoxant neuroprotection
A four-component metabolic combination drug developed by POLYSAN Ltd. that supplies Krebs cycle substrate, purine nucleoside, NAD+ precursor, and FAD cofactor to restore aerobic...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1611 56/100 Cycloastragenol
Lanostane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin with telomerase-activating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
A naturally occurring triterpenoid aglycone derived from Astragalus membranaceus, identified as the bioactive sapogenin of astragaloside IV and the principal small-molecule telo...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1570 Novel 69/100 CT1812
Selective sigma-2 receptor (TMEM97) complex antagonist with anti-amyloid-beta oligomer synaptoproctective activity
A first-in-class, orally bioavailable isoindoline sigma-2 receptor antagonist developed by Cognition Therapeutics to displace amyloid-beta oligomers from neuronal synapses, with...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1401 Novel 56/100 Crystagen
Synthetic immunomodulatory tripeptide bioregulator of thymic origin with epigenetic gene-regulatory and cytoprotective activity
A synthetic tripeptide (L-Glu-L-Asp-L-Pro; EDP) derived from structural analysis of the thymic polypeptide complex Thymalin, developed at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Biore...
Read monograph -
KDC-MN-1471 63/100 CP2
Tricyclic pyrone mild mitochondrial complex I inhibitor with direct amyloid-beta binding activity
A cell-permeable tricyclic pyranopyrone synthesized at Kansas State University as an anti-amyloidogenic agent, subsequently characterized as a mild inhibitor of mitochondrial co...
Read monograph
No compounds match. Try a different term.
RESEARCH LIBRARY
Download the research library
Every Kodiac monograph as a watermarked PDF archive. Free to download for non-redistributable research use.
- Live on site
- 764 compounds 52 novel
- Archive snapshot
- Loading...