Longevity compound of the week
LONGEVITY / Week 3 of 3
An Eli Lilly investigational triple receptor agonist of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors with Phase 3 trials in obesity producing 24% weight loss at 48 weeks.
Monographs
Per-compound research monographs covering chemistry, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, sourcing, and references. Each is a formal reference document with embedded PDF, formatted to standards comparable to peer-reviewed reviews.
764 compounds on file 20 flagged novel
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KDC-MN-265 52/100 Cardarine (GW-501516)
PPAR-delta agonist (not a SARM)
A PPAR-delta agonist developed for dyslipidemia; widely used recreationally as an endurance enhancer despite cancer findings in long-term rodent studies.
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KDC-MN-264 44/100 Andarine (S-4)
Selective androgen receptor modulator (early-generation)
An early-generation aryl propionamide SARM; the structural lineage compound from which ostarine was derived.
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KDC-MN-263 45/100 Testolone (RAD-140)
Selective androgen receptor modulator (high-potency)
A potent non-steroidal SARM developed for muscle wasting and breast cancer; one of the highest-potency SARMs by binding affinity.
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KDC-MN-262 53/100 Ligandrol (LGD-4033)
Selective androgen receptor modulator
A non-steroidal SARM developed for muscle wasting; one of the more potent SARMs at AR binding.
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KDC-MN-261 61/100 Ostarine (MK-2866)
Selective androgen receptor modulator (non-steroidal)
A selective androgen receptor modulator developed for cachexia and muscle wasting; the prototype SARM and the most thoroughly characterized in human trials.
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KDC-MN-260 65/100 Yohimbine
Selective alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist
An indole alkaloid alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist from Pausinystalia johimbe; the canonical pharmacological probe for noradrenergic activation.
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KDC-MN-259 81/100 Guanfacine
Selective alpha-2A adrenergic agonist
A selective alpha-2A adrenergic agonist; an antihypertensive repurposed as a non-stimulant ADHD treatment with greater alpha-2A selectivity than clonidine.
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KDC-MN-258 84/100 Clonidine
Central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
An imidazoline alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist; an antihypertensive repurposed for ADHD, opioid withdrawal, and Tourette syndrome.
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KDC-MN-257 69/100 Pindolol
Non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with 5-HT1A partial agonism
A non-selective beta-blocker with intrinsic 5-HT1A partial agonism; investigated as an SSRI augmenting agent.
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KDC-MN-256 90/100 Propranolol
Non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist
A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist; the first beta-blocker, repurposed for performance anxiety and migraine prophylaxis.
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KDC-MN-255 Novel 65/100 Gaboxadol (THIP)
Selective extrasynaptic GABA-A delta-subunit agonist
A 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol agonist selective for extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors containing the delta subunit; investigated as a hypnotic.
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KDC-MN-254 Novel 66/100 Tofisopam
23-benzodiazepine atypical anxiolytic
A 2,3-benzodiazepine without classical GABA-A activity; a non-sedating anxiolytic marketed in Europe.
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KDC-MN-253 79/100 Hydroxyzine
First-generation H1 antihistamine anxiolytic
A first-generation piperazine H1 antihistamine with anxiolytic activity; the first non-controlled anxiolytic widely used in psychiatry.
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KDC-MN-252 80/100 Gabapentin
GABA analog calcium channel ligand
A GABA analog binding the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels; the structural and clinical predecessor to pregabalin.
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KDC-MN-251 81/100 Pregabalin
Alpha-2-delta calcium channel ligand (GABA analog)
A GABA structural analog binding the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels; approved for neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and partial seizures.
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KDC-MN-250 68/100 Gepirone
5-HT1A partial agonist
An azapirone 5-HT1A partial agonist developed for major depressive disorder; FDA-approved in 2023 after a 30-year development cycle.
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KDC-MN-249 64/100 Tandospirone
5-HT1A partial agonist anxiolytic (Asian markets)
A second-generation azapirone 5-HT1A partial agonist marketed in Japan and China; not approved in Western markets.
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KDC-MN-248 77/100 Buspirone
5-HT1A partial agonist anxiolytic
An azapirone 5-HT1A partial agonist; a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic without dependence or sedation.
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KDC-MN-247 67/100 Tiagabine
GAT-1 selective GABA reuptake inhibitor
A nipecotic acid derivative selective GABA reuptake inhibitor; the prototype GAT-1 transporter blocker.
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KDC-MN-246 68/100 Vigabatrin
GABA transaminase inhibitor (irreversible)
An irreversible suicide inhibitor of GABA transaminase; uniquely effective in infantile spasms and refractory complex partial seizures, limited by retinal toxicity.
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KDC-MN-245 76/100 Topiramate
Sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide / multifactorial anticonvulsant
A sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide anticonvulsant with broad mechanism (sodium channels, GABA-A potentiation, AMPA antagonism, carbonic anhydrase inhibition); used for migra...
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KDC-MN-244 80/100 Carbamazepine
Iminostilbene voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
A first-generation iminostilbene anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer with potent CYP3A4 induction.
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KDC-MN-243 79/100 Lamotrigine
Phenyltriazine sodium channel blocker / mood stabilizer
A phenyltriazine voltage-gated sodium channel blocker; uniquely effective for bipolar depression and a first-line maintenance mood stabilizer.
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KDC-MN-242 79/100 Sodium Valproate
Branched-chain fatty acid anticonvulsant / mood stabilizer
A simple branched-chain fatty acid with broad anticonvulsant activity and mood-stabilizing efficacy in bipolar disorder.
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KDC-MN-241 Novel 57/100 Ulotaront
TAAR1 agonist with 5-HT1A agonism
A novel TAAR1 and 5-HT1A agonist; the first non-D2 antipsychotic candidate to reach phase 3 trials.
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KDC-MN-240 72/100 Pimavanserin
Selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist
The first FDA-approved drug for Parkinson disease psychosis; a selective 5-HT2A inverse agonist with no dopamine receptor activity.
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KDC-MN-239 81/100 Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic
A benzisoxazole atypical antipsychotic; the most prescribed atypical worldwide and the prototype combined D2 / 5-HT2A antagonist.
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KDC-MN-238 71/100 Lurasidone
Atypical antipsychotic with 5-HT7 antagonism
A benzisothiazole atypical antipsychotic with prominent 5-HT7 receptor antagonism contributing to procognitive and antidepressant effects.
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KDC-MN-237 71/100 Brexpiprazole
D2 partial agonist atypical antipsychotic
A second-generation D2 partial agonist refined from aripiprazole; lower D2 intrinsic activity producing reduced akathisia.
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KDC-MN-236 72/100 Cariprazine
D3-preferring D2/D3 partial agonist
A piperazine partial agonist with D3 selectivity over D2 and 5-HT1A partial agonism; approved for schizophrenia and bipolar depression.
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KDC-MN-235 82/100 Aripiprazole
D2/D3 partial agonist atypical antipsychotic
A piperazinyl-quinolinone partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors; the prototype third-generation antipsychotic.
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KDC-MN-234 78/100 Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic
A thienobenzodiazepine atypical antipsychotic structurally and mechanistically related to clozapine, without the agranulocytosis risk.
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KDC-MN-233 77/100 Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic
A dibenzothiazepine atypical antipsychotic with broad receptor binding; the active metabolite norquetiapine is a NET inhibitor contributing to antidepressant efficacy.
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KDC-MN-232 81/100 Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic / D4-D2 multireceptor antagonist
The prototype atypical antipsychotic; the gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, limited by agranulocytosis risk requiring weekly blood monitoring.
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KDC-MN-231 51/100 Sembragiline
Selective reversible MAO-B inhibitor (investigational)
A selective reversible MAO-B inhibitor investigated for Alzheimer disease; failed phase 2 efficacy.
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KDC-MN-230 44/100 Toloxatone
Reversible MAO-A inhibitor
A 5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidinone RIMA approved in France in 1984; an early-generation reversible inhibitor of MAO-A.
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KDC-MN-229 52/100 Pirlindole
Atypical reversible MAO-A inhibitor
A pyrazinocarbazole RIMA developed in the USSR in the 1970s; the historical Soviet RIMA equivalent.
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KDC-MN-228 76/100 Moclobemide
Reversible MAO-A inhibitor (RIMA)
A morpholine benzamide reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA); the first MAOI that does not require dietary tyramine restriction.
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KDC-MN-227 74/100 Tranylcypromine
Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (amphetamine-related)
A non-hydrazine cyclopropylamine MAOI structurally related to amphetamine; rapid-onset compared to phenelzine.
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KDC-MN-226 73/100 Phenelzine
Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (hydrazine)
A first-generation hydrazine MAOI; a non-selective irreversible inhibitor still used for atypical and treatment-resistant depression.
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KDC-MN-225 77/100 Rasagiline
Selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor (second-generation)
A second-generation propargyl MAO-B inhibitor lacking the amphetamine metabolites of selegiline.
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KDC-MN-224 78/100 Selegiline
Selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor
A propargyl phenethylamine MAO-B inhibitor used in Parkinson disease and at higher doses in depression via MAO-A engagement.
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KDC-MN-223 65/100 Amoxapine
Tricyclic antidepressant with antipsychotic-like activity
A 2-chloro-loxapine derivative TCA with substantial D2 antagonism; an antidepressant with antipsychotic-class side effects including extrapyramidal symptoms.
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KDC-MN-222 58/100 Trimipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant (sedating tertiary amine)
A sedating tertiary amine TCA with weak SERT and NET activity; the principal effect is dopaminergic and antihistaminergic.
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KDC-MN-221 55/100 Protriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant (secondary amine activating)
A secondary amine TCA distinguished by activating rather than sedating subjective profile; useful in depression with hypersomnia.
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KDC-MN-220 75/100 Clomipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant (chlorinated tertiary amine)
A chloro-substituted TCA with the most potent SERT inhibition in the class; the only TCA with FDA approval for OCD.
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KDC-MN-219 77/100 Desipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant (secondary amine)
The N-desmethyl active metabolite of imipramine; the most NET-selective TCA in clinical use.
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KDC-MN-218 79/100 Imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant (tertiary amine; first synthetic antidepressant)
The first synthetic antidepressant; the parent compound of the TCA class and the historical reference for monoamine theory of depression.
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KDC-MN-217 80/100 Nortriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant (secondary amine)
The N-desmethyl active metabolite of amitriptyline; a NET-preferring TCA with a more favorable side effect profile.
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KDC-MN-216 81/100 Amitriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant (tertiary amine)
A foundational tertiary amine TCA with potent serotonergic, noradrenergic, anticholinergic, and antihistaminergic activity; widely repurposed for chronic pain.
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KDC-MN-215 60/100 Maprotiline
Tetracyclic norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A tetracyclic NRI with TCA-like side effects but selective noradrenergic action; significant seizure risk at high dose.
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KDC-MN-214 65/100 Mianserin
Tetracyclic alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist
A first-generation tetracyclic antidepressant; the structural and mechanistic precursor to mirtazapine.
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KDC-MN-213 69/100 Levomilnacipran
Pure SNRI ((1S2R)-enantiomer)
The (1S,2R)-enantiomer of milnacipran; a pure SNRI with strong NET selectivity over SERT and minimal off-target activity.
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KDC-MN-212 69/100 Vilazodone
SSRI + 5-HT1A partial agonist
A dual-mechanism antidepressant combining SSRI activity with 5-HT1A partial agonism intended to accelerate clinical response.
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KDC-MN-211 78/100 Trazodone
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI)
A triazolopyridine antidepressant repurposed at low dose as a hypnotic via potent H1 and 5-HT2A antagonism.
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KDC-MN-210 83/100 Mirtazapine
Tetracyclic atypical antidepressant (NaSSA)
A noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant; a tetracyclic with strong H1 antihistamine activity producing pronounced sedation and appetite stimulation.
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KDC-MN-209 82/100 Duloxetine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A balanced-affinity SNRI distinguished by approval for chronic pain and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in addition to depression.
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KDC-MN-208 75/100 Desvenlafaxine
Active metabolite of venlafaxine (SNRI)
The major active metabolite of venlafaxine; a pure SNRI marketed separately to bypass CYP2D6 polymorphism.
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KDC-MN-207 78/100 Venlafaxine
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A bicyclic SNRI with dose-dependent transporter selectivity; the prototype dual-action antidepressant.
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KDC-MN-206 79/100 Fluvoxamine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor / sigma-1 agonist
A monocyclic SSRI with notable sigma-1 receptor agonism; first-line for OCD and a pharmacological tool for sigma-1 research.
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KDC-MN-205 85/100 Escitalopram
S-enantiomer SSRI
The (S)-enantiomer of citalopram; the active component of the racemate marketed as a separate antidepressant with improved tolerability.
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KDC-MN-204 80/100 Citalopram
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
A racemic phthalane SSRI; the most selective for SERT over NET in clinical use.
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KDC-MN-203 77/100 Paroxetine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
A piperidine SSRI with the highest SERT affinity in the class and clinically significant muscarinic antagonism.
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KDC-MN-202 87/100 Sertraline
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
A naphthylamine SSRI with mild dopamine reuptake inhibition; one of the most prescribed psychiatric medications worldwide.
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KDC-MN-201 86/100 Fluoxetine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
The first widely prescribed SSRI; a long-acting serotonergic antidepressant and a foundational reference compound for serotonin pharmacology.
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KDC-MN-200 Novel 51/100 Cycloprolylglycine (CPG)
Endogenous dipeptide / noopept metabolite
An endogenous dipeptide present in mammalian CSF; the principal active metabolite of noopept and a research probe for endogenous nootropic mechanisms.
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KDC-MN-199 54/100 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)
Endogenous and exogenous alkaloid
A simple isoquinoline scaffold present endogenously and as a structural element of many alkaloid pharmacophores; also studied for MAO modulation.
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KDC-MN-198 79/100 Nicotine
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
A pyridine alkaloid from tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with broad nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist activity, studied at low doses for cognitive enhancement.
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KDC-MN-197 80/100 Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Vitamin B3 / NAD+ precursor
Vitamin B3 used at high doses for dyslipidemia and at low doses as an essential nutrient and NAD+ precursor.
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KDC-MN-196 73/100 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
Tea catechin polyphenol
The principal catechin polyphenol of green tea with broad antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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KDC-MN-195 73/100 Lithium Carbonate (Low-Dose)
Mood stabilizer (low-dose)
Prescription lithium carbonate at low doses (150-300 mg) studied for cognitive impairment and dementia prevention.
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KDC-MN-194 63/100 Lixisenatide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
A daily-dosing GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved 2016 (Adlyxin) for T2DM, structurally derived from exenatide.
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KDC-MN-193 77/100 Exenatide
GLP-1 receptor agonist (exendin-4)
A synthetic version of the Gila monster venom peptide exendin-4, FDA-approved as Byetta (twice daily) and Bydureon (weekly) for T2DM.
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KDC-MN-192 70/100 Milnacipran
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
An SNRI marketed in Europe and Japan for depression and FDA-approved for fibromyalgia, with balanced SERT/NET inhibition.
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KDC-MN-191 74/100 Vortioxetine
Multimodal serotonergic antidepressant
A multimodal serotonergic antidepressant (Trintellix) FDA-approved 2013 with documented cognitive benefits in addition to mood effects.
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KDC-MN-190 74/100 Sulforaphane
Isothiocyanate / NRF2 activator
An isothiocyanate produced from glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables, characterized as the most potent natural NRF2 pathway activator.
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KDC-MN-189 74/100 Astaxanthin
Carotenoid antioxidant
A red carotenoid pigment from Haematococcus pluvialis algae characterized by potent antioxidant activity and high oral bioavailability.
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KDC-MN-188 67/100 Hesperidin
Citrus flavonoid glycoside
A flavanone glycoside from citrus peel with vascular and anti-inflammatory effects; the principal active in Daflon.
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KDC-MN-187 78/100 Methylcobalamin
Active vitamin B12
The active methyl-form of vitamin B12 used for methylation support, particularly in subjects with cobalamin metabolism polymorphisms.
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KDC-MN-186 80/100 L-Methylfolate (5-MTHF)
Active folate / 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
The active form of folate (5-methyltetrahydrofolate) used clinically for major depression adjunct and for individuals with MTHFR polymorphisms.
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KDC-MN-185 70/100 SAM-e (S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine)
Endogenous methyl donor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine, the principal methyl donor for cellular methylation reactions, supplemented for depression, osteoarthritis, and liver disease.
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KDC-MN-184 63/100 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)
Serotonin precursor
5-Hydroxytryptophan, the immediate precursor of serotonin, derived from Griffonia simplicifolia seeds and used for mood and sleep applications.
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KDC-MN-183 75/100 L-Tryptophan
Essential aromatic amino acid
An essential aromatic amino acid precursor of serotonin, melatonin, and niacin; supplemented for sleep and mood applications.
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KDC-MN-182 85/100 Taurine
Conditional amino acid / sulfonate
An endogenous sulfonate amino acid with osmolyte, calcium-handling, and bile acid conjugation roles, recently associated with longevity in animal models.
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KDC-MN-181 54/100 Lithium Orotate
Lithium-orotate complex
A lithium salt of orotic acid sold as a low-dose dietary supplement for mood and cognitive applications, distinct from prescription lithium carbonate.
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KDC-MN-180 70/100 Boswellia serrata
Frankincense gum resin / boswellic acids
An Indian frankincense resin containing boswellic acids with selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibition for inflammatory conditions.
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KDC-MN-179 70/100 Curcumin
Turmeric polyphenol
The principal yellow polyphenol of turmeric (Curcuma longa) with broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity but very poor oral bioavailability without enhancement.
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KDC-MN-178 78/100 Berberine
Isoquinoline alkaloid / AMPK activator
An isoquinoline alkaloid from Berberis and other plants, characterized by AMPK activation with metabolic effects comparable to metformin in some contexts.
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KDC-MN-177 72/100 Forskolin
Coleus forskohlii diterpene
A labdane diterpene from Coleus forskohlii root with adenylate cyclase activation activity, used for cardiovascular and metabolic applications.
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KDC-MN-176 69/100 Ginkgo Biloba
Maidenhair tree leaf extract
Standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves used for cognitive function and peripheral circulation, characterized by flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones.
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KDC-MN-175 67/100 Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum)
South African botanical / SSRI-like alkaloids
A South African succulent containing mesembrine alkaloids with serotonin reuptake inhibition and PDE4 inhibition activities.
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KDC-MN-174 63/100 Holy Basil (Tulsi)
Ayurvedic adaptogenic herb
Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), an Ayurvedic adaptogenic herb characterized by ursolic acid and eugenol with stress-modulating activity.
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KDC-MN-173 68/100 Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Asian umbelliferous botanical
A creeping perennial used in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine for cognitive function and skin healing, characterized by triterpene saponins.
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KDC-MN-172 65/100 Arketamine
R-enantiomer NMDA antagonist
The (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, currently in clinical development for depression with reportedly more sustained antidepressant action and fewer dissociative effects.
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KDC-MN-171 70/100 Esketamine
S-enantiomer NMDA antagonist
The (S)-enantiomer of ketamine, FDA-approved as Spravato (intranasal) for treatment-resistant depression.
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KDC-MN-170 82/100 Ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist / dissociative anesthetic
A non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist FDA-approved as a dissociative anesthetic since 1970, with rapid antidepressant activity at sub-anesthetic doses.
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KDC-MN-169 67/100 Magnesium Taurate
Magnesium-taurine chelate
A magnesium chelate with taurine emphasized for cardiovascular applications based on combined magnesium and taurine effects.
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KDC-MN-168 77/100 Magnesium Glycinate
Magnesium-glycine chelate
A magnesium chelate with glycine, with superior bioavailability and minimal gastrointestinal effects compared with magnesium oxide.
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KDC-MN-167 59/100 Magnesium L-Threonate
Magnesium salt of L-threonate
A proprietary magnesium salt (Magtein) with claimed superior CNS bioavailability for cognitive applications.
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KDC-MN-166 47/100 Dynamine (Methylliberine)
Purine alkaloid (methylliberine)
A purine alkaloid related to theacrine, present in kucha tea, marketed as Dynamine for energy and focus applications.
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KDC-MN-165 80/100 L-Theanine
Tea-derived amino acid
A non-protein amino acid present in tea with anxiolytic and attention-modulating effects when combined with caffeine.
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KDC-MN-164 58/100 Theacrine
Methylxanthine / kucha tea alkaloid
A methylxanthine present in kucha tea (Camellia kucha) with caffeine-like CNS effects but reduced tolerance development.
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KDC-MN-163 71/100 Theobromine
Methylxanthine
The principal methylxanthine in cacao with milder CNS effects than caffeine and stronger peripheral vasodilation.
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KDC-MN-162 91/100 Caffeine
Methylxanthine adenosine receptor antagonist
The world's most consumed psychoactive substance, an adenosine receptor antagonist with widespread cognitive and physical performance effects.
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KDC-MN-161 76/100 Brexanolone
Synthetic allopregnanolone (IV)
Synthetic allopregnanolone formulated for IV administration, FDA-approved as Zulresso for postpartum depression.
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KDC-MN-160 68/100 DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
Endogenous androgen precursor
An endogenous adrenal steroid hormone with androgenic and neurosteroid activity; declines with age and supplemented for hormone restoration.
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KDC-MN-159 78/100 Allopregnanolone
Endogenous GABA-A neurosteroid
An endogenous GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator; the active substance in brexanolone for postpartum depression.
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KDC-MN-158 61/100 Pregnenolone
Endogenous neurosteroid precursor
An endogenous steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol; the precursor of all other endogenous steroid hormones and a neurosteroid in its own right.
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KDC-MN-157 67/100 Kava (Piper methysticum)
Pacific Island botanical / kavalactone source
A Pacific Island root containing kavalactones with anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle-relaxant activity through GABA-A modulation and other mechanisms.
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KDC-MN-156 56/100 7-Hydroxymitragynine
Indole alkaloid / mu-opioid agonist
The active metabolite of mitragynine with higher mu-opioid receptor affinity, present in low concentrations in kratom leaf and concentrated in some kratom extracts.
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KDC-MN-155 61/100 Mitragynine (Kratom)
Indole alkaloid / partial mu-opioid agonist
The principal alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a partial mu-opioid agonist with low respiratory depression liability and significant abuse and dependence potential.
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KDC-MN-154 59/100 Magnolia Bark (Honokiol/Magnolol)
Botanical with biphenyl active constituents
Bark of Magnolia officinalis containing the biphenyl compounds honokiol and magnolol with anxiolytic and sleep-promoting activity through GABAergic mechanisms.
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KDC-MN-153 59/100 Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
Botanical sedative / GABAergic herb
A perennial herb root traditionally used as a mild sedative, characterized by valerenic acid GABA-A modulation.
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KDC-MN-152 73/100 Doxepin (Low-Dose)
Tricyclic antidepressant / H1 antagonist
A tricyclic antidepressant FDA-approved at low doses (3 to 6 mg) as Silenor for sleep maintenance insomnia, exploiting selective H1 antihistamine activity at the low end of the ...
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KDC-MN-151 70/100 Lemborexant
Dual orexin receptor antagonist
A second DORA FDA-approved as Dayvigo (2019) for insomnia, with shorter half-life and reduced next-day residual effects than suvorexant.
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KDC-MN-150 69/100 Suvorexant
Dual orexin receptor antagonist
A dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) FDA-approved as Belsomra for insomnia, the first commercialized of the DORA class.
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KDC-MN-149 74/100 Melatonin
Endogenous indolamine hormone
An endogenous pineal hormone synthesized from serotonin, the master circadian regulator and a widely-used sleep supplement.
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KDC-MN-148 77/100 Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
Acetylated carnitine / mitochondrial cofactor
An acetylated form of L-carnitine with improved CNS penetration, studied for cognitive impairment, neuropathy, and depression.
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KDC-MN-147 84/100 L-DOPA (Levodopa)
Dopamine precursor
The immediate precursor of dopamine and the principal pharmacological treatment for Parkinson disease, FDA-approved in combination with carbidopa.
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KDC-MN-146 59/100 N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine
Acetylated tyrosine
An N-acetylated form of L-tyrosine with claimed superior bioavailability that has not been validated in pharmacokinetic studies.
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KDC-MN-145 78/100 L-Tyrosine
Catecholamine precursor amino acid
An aromatic amino acid precursor of L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; supplemented for stress-related catecholamine support.
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KDC-MN-144 82/100 Methylphenidate
Phenethylamine DAT/NET inhibitor
A phenethylamine-class DAT and NET inhibitor FDA-approved as Ritalin and Concerta for ADHD.
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KDC-MN-143 61/100 Reboxetine
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A selective NRI marketed in Europe as Edronax for depression but rejected by the FDA for inadequate efficacy.
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KDC-MN-142 79/100 Atomoxetine
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
A selective NRI FDA-approved as Strattera for ADHD, the first non-stimulant FDA-approved for the indication.
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KDC-MN-141 78/100 Bupropion
Aminoketone NDRI / nicotinic antagonist
An aminoketone norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor FDA-approved for depression (Wellbutrin) and smoking cessation (Zyban).
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KDC-MN-140 Novel 31/100 NG2-101
Investigational neurogenic peptide
An investigational peptide for hippocampal neurogenesis with limited public characterization.
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KDC-MN-139 Novel 53/100 BNN-27
Synthetic DHEA derivative / NGF mimetic
A synthetic DHEA derivative (17-spiroepoxy DHEA) developed at Bionature E.A. Ltd as a selective TrkA agonist mimicking NGF activity.
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KDC-MN-138 76/100 Kisspeptin
Hypothalamic neuropeptide / KISS1R agonist
An endogenous neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1 gene, master regulator of GnRH neuron firing and reproductive function.
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KDC-MN-137 78/100 Gonadorelin (GnRH)
Decapeptide GnRH agonist
Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, used clinically for diagnostic GnRH stimulation testing and for stimulation of LH/FSH release.
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KDC-MN-136 75/100 Vasopressin (DDAVP)
Endogenous nonapeptide hormone
An endogenous nonapeptide hormone for water retention and vasoconstriction; the synthetic analog desmopressin (DDAVP) is FDA-approved for diabetes insipidus.
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KDC-MN-135 77/100 Oxytocin
Endogenous nonapeptide neuropeptide/hormone
An endogenous nonapeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, with maternal, social bonding, and anxiolytic effects.
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KDC-MN-134 47/100 PEG-MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)
Pegylated IGF-1 splice variant
A pegylated form of mechano growth factor (the IGF-1Ec splice variant) sold as a research peptide for muscle repair applications.
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KDC-MN-133 70/100 Dulaglutide
Weekly GLP-1 Fc fusion
A GLP-1 analog fused to human IgG4 Fc for weekly dosing, FDA-approved as Trulicity for T2DM.
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KDC-MN-132 74/100 Liraglutide
Daily GLP-1 receptor agonist
A daily-dosing GLP-1 analog FDA-approved as Victoza (T2DM, 2010) and Saxenda (obesity, 2014); the predecessor of semaglutide.
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KDC-MN-131 63/100 CJC-1295 with DAC
Albumin-binding GHRH analog
A long-acting GHRH analog with drug affinity complex (DAC) modification enabling weekly subcutaneous dosing through albumin binding.
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KDC-MN-130 Novel 66/100 Thymopentin
Synthetic pentapeptide of thymopoietin
A synthetic pentapeptide fragment (residues 32-36) of thymopoietin marketed in Europe and Asia for immunomodulation in chronic infections and autoimmune disease.
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KDC-MN-129 Novel 50/100 Thymogen
Synthetic dipeptide immunomodulator
A synthetic dipeptide (Glu-Trp) developed in Russia as an immunomodulator for infectious and post-surgical immune support.
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KDC-MN-128 Novel 60/100 Thymulin
Zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide
A zinc-dependent endogenous thymic nonapeptide secreted by thymic epithelial cells with T-cell maturation activity.
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KDC-MN-127 Novel 54/100 Thymalin
Bovine thymus peptide preparation
A bovine thymus peptide complex used in Russian medicine for immunodeficiency and aging-related immune decline.
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KDC-MN-126 Novel 67/100 ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
EPO-derived helix B peptide
An 11-amino-acid fragment of erythropoietin's helix B with tissue-protective activity but without erythropoietic activity.
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KDC-MN-125 Novel 63/100 Davunetide (NAP)
ADNP-derived octapeptide
An eight-amino-acid fragment of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) studied in tauopathies and PSP.
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KDC-MN-124 54/100 P21 (Cerebrolysin-derived peptide)
CNTF-derived neurogenic peptide
A short peptide derived from a cerebrolysin fraction with documented hippocampal neurogenesis activity in animal models.
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KDC-MN-123 54/100 DSIP (Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide)
Nonapeptide neuropeptide
An endogenous nonapeptide isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood with sleep-promoting and stress-modulating activity.
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KDC-MN-122 71/100 Methylene Blue
Phenothiazine dye / electron donor
A phenothiazine dye used historically as an antimalarial and methemoglobinemia treatment, with mitochondrial electron-cycling activity at low doses for cognitive applications.
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KDC-MN-121 65/100 Idebenone
Synthetic ubiquinone analog
A short-chain synthetic ubiquinone analog approved in Europe for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, with reduced lipophilicity and better water solubility than CoQ10.
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KDC-MN-120 79/100 Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol)
Endogenous mitochondrial cofactor
An endogenous redox cofactor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, declining with age and statin use, sold as a dietary supplement.
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KDC-MN-119 66/100 PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
Redox cofactor
A bacterial redox cofactor and putative mitochondrial biogenesis enhancer found in trace amounts in plant foods, sold as a dietary supplement.
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KDC-MN-118 Novel 60/100 SkQ1 (Visomitin)
Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone
A mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone developed by Vladimir Skulachev's group, marketed in Russia as Visomitin eye drops for dry eye disease.
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KDC-MN-117 Novel 70/100 MitoQ
Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone
A mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone analog with triphenylphosphonium cation for selective mitochondrial accumulation, with cardiovascular endothelial function clinical evidence.
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KDC-MN-116 68/100 Mucuna pruriens
Velvet bean / L-DOPA source
A tropical bean traditionally used in Ayurveda for Parkinsonian symptoms, the natural source of L-DOPA used as standardized extracts containing 15 to 50 percent L-DOPA.
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KDC-MN-115 67/100 Schisandra chinensis
Chinese magnolia vine berry adaptogen
A Chinese berry traditionally used as the 'five flavors fruit' for endurance, mental clarity, and hepatoprotection, characterized by schizandrins.
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KDC-MN-114 63/100 Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
Siberian ginseng adaptogen
A Siberian Eleutherococcus root extract historically classified as 'ginseng' but unrelated to Panax; characterized by eleutherosides with adaptogenic activity.
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KDC-MN-113 72/100 Panax Ginseng
Asian ginseng adaptogen
The classical Asian ginseng root with documented cognitive and metabolic effects mediated through ginsenoside saponins.
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KDC-MN-112 59/100 Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Medicinal mushroom
A medicinal mushroom with traditional use in immune support and longevity, characterized by triterpenoids (ganoderic acids) and beta-glucan polysaccharides.
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KDC-MN-111 62/100 Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris / sinensis)
Medicinal mushroom / cordycepin source
A parasitic fungus traditionally used in Chinese medicine for fatigue and physical performance, characterized by cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) bioactivity.
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KDC-MN-110 65/100 Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus)
Medicinal mushroom / NGF inducer
A medicinal mushroom containing hericenones and erinacines with documented NGF induction and modest cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment.
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KDC-MN-109 71/100 Bacopa monnieri
Ayurvedic cognitive enhancement extract
A creeping aquatic plant extract standardized to bacosides (saponin glycosides) with documented working memory and learning enhancement in elderly populations.
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KDC-MN-108 73/100 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ayurvedic adaptogenic root extract
A root extract from Withania somnifera standardized to withanolides, with documented anxiolytic, cortisol-lowering, and testosterone-supporting effects.
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KDC-MN-107 69/100 Rhodiola Rosea
Adaptogenic root extract
A root extract from the arctic adaptogen Rhodiola rosea standardized to rosavins and salidroside, with documented anti-fatigue and stress-tolerance effects.
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KDC-MN-106 82/100 Glycine
Amino acid / NMDA co-agonist
The simplest amino acid with multiple biological roles including methionine restriction mimetic effects studied for lifespan extension.
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KDC-MN-105 68/100 Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG)
TCA cycle intermediate / 2-oxoglutarate
A TCA cycle intermediate sold as calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG) for longevity applications based on extension of lifespan in mice and worms.
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KDC-MN-104 75/100 Urolithin A
Mitophagy inducer
A gut microbial metabolite of ellagitannins (pomegranate, walnut), characterized as a potent mitophagy inducer that improves muscle function in aged subjects.
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KDC-MN-103 77/100 Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)
NAD+ precursor
A NAD+ precursor sold as Niagen (Tru Niagen) with a more established human clinical trial record than NMN, marketed as a dietary supplement.
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KDC-MN-102 75/100 NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
NAD+ precursor
A direct precursor of NAD+ and the molecule directly downstream of NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ salvage; popularized by David Sinclair for longevity applications.
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KDC-MN-101 77/100 Spermidine
Polyamine / autophagy inducer
An endogenous polyamine that induces autophagy and extends lifespan in animal models, present in high concentrations in wheat germ and aged cheeses.
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KDC-MN-100 75/100 Quercetin
Flavonoid senolytic / mast cell stabilizer
A widely distributed flavonoid with weaker senolytic activity than fisetin, often combined with dasatinib in the canonical D+Q senolytic regimen.
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KDC-MN-099 72/100 Fisetin
Flavonoid senolytic
A flavonoid present in strawberries and other fruits, characterized as a senolytic that selectively eliminates senescent cells in animal models.
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KDC-MN-098 64/100 Pterostilbene
Dimethylated resveratrol analog
A dimethylated resveratrol analog from blueberries with substantially improved oral bioavailability and similar SIRT1-related pharmacology.
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KDC-MN-097 60/100 Resveratrol
Stilbenoid polyphenol / sirtuin modulator
A trans-stilbenoid polyphenol from grapes and other plants, characterized by SIRT1 activation and pleiotropic anti-aging effects with disputed clinical efficacy.
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KDC-MN-096 81/100 Metformin
Biguanide / AMPK activator
A first-line type 2 diabetes biguanide derived from French lilac (Galega officinalis), increasingly investigated for longevity and cancer prevention applications.
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KDC-MN-095 85/100 Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
mTOR inhibitor / immunosuppressant
A bacterial macrolide isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, FDA-approved as an immunosuppressant and increasingly investigated for longevity applications through mTOR inhibi...
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KDC-MN-094 74/100 Setmelanotide
Selective MC4 receptor agonist
An FDA-approved (2020) selective MC4 receptor agonist (Imcivree) for genetic obesity disorders (POMC, LEPR, PCSK1 deficiency).
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KDC-MN-093 61/100 Melanotan II
Cyclic alpha-MSH analog
A cyclic alpha-MSH analog with both skin pigmentation and sexual response effects, sold as a research chemical with significant safety concerns.
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KDC-MN-092 72/100 Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)
Alpha-MSH analog (linear heptadecapeptide)
A linear alpha-MSH analog approved as Scenesse for erythropoietic protoporphyria, characterized by sustained skin pigmentation.
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KDC-MN-091 72/100 PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist
A FDA-approved (2019) melanocortin receptor agonist (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, derived from melanotan II.
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KDC-MN-090 49/100 Follistatin 315
Myostatin antagonist / follistatin isoform
A 315-residue isoform of follistatin with reduced heparin binding and longer plasma half-life than follistatin 344.
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KDC-MN-089 53/100 Follistatin 344
Myostatin antagonist / follistatin isoform
An isoform of the endogenous myostatin antagonist follistatin, sold as a research peptide for muscle hypertrophy applications.
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KDC-MN-088 52/100 IGF-1 DES
Truncated IGF-1 analog
A truncated form of IGF-1 missing the first three residues, with reduced IGFBP binding and increased local potency.
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KDC-MN-087 57/100 IGF-1 LR3
Long Arg3 IGF-1 analog
A long-acting analog of IGF-1 with N-terminal extension and Arg3 substitution that reduces IGFBP binding and extends plasma half-life.
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KDC-MN-086 45/100 hGH Fragment 176-191
C-terminal hGH fragment
The unmodified C-terminal fragment of hGH (residues 176-191) sold as a research chemical for lipolytic applications.
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KDC-MN-085 49/100 AOD-9604
Modified hGH 176-191 fragment
A modified C-terminal fragment of hGH (residues 176-191) developed for fat loss without GH metabolic effects.
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KDC-MN-084 75/100 Retatrutide
GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple receptor agonist
An Eli Lilly investigational triple receptor agonist of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors with Phase 3 trials in obesity producing 24% weight loss at 48 weeks.
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KDC-MN-083 81/100 Tirzepatide
GIP/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist
A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved as Mounjaro (T2DM, 2022) and Zepbound (obesity, 2023), producing greater weight loss than GLP-1-only agents.
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KDC-MN-082 84/100 Semaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist (long-acting)
A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved as Ozempic (T2DM) and Wegovy (obesity), with extended duration through albumin-binding and amino acid substitution.
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KDC-MN-081 65/100 Hexarelin
Hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist
A hexapeptide GH secretagogue with cardioprotective effects mediated through CD36 binding distinct from the ghrelin receptor.
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KDC-MN-080 75/100 Tesamorelin
Stabilized GHRH analog
A trans-3-hexenoic acid stabilized GHRH analog FDA-approved as Egrifta for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
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KDC-MN-079 75/100 Sermorelin
GHRH 1-29 analog
A 29-amino-acid synthetic fragment of GHRH (residues 1-29) used for growth hormone deficiency diagnosis and treatment.
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KDC-MN-078 67/100 MK-677 (Ibutamoren)
Orally active non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist
A Merck-developed orally bioavailable non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist that produces sustained GH and IGF-1 elevation with once-daily oral dosing.
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KDC-MN-077 71/100 GHRP-6
Growth hormone releasing peptide / ghrelin receptor agonist
A first-generation hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist with prominent appetite stimulation, often used as a research-grade alternative to ipamorelin.
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KDC-MN-076 72/100 GHRP-2
Growth hormone releasing peptide / ghrelin receptor agonist
A second-generation hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist for growth hormone release, characterized by stronger GH stimulation than GHRP-6 with reduced cortisol/prolactin elevation.
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KDC-MN-075 69/100 Agmatine
Endogenous polyamine / NMDA modulator
An endogenous decarboxylated arginine derivative with NMDA receptor antagonism, alpha-2 adrenergic agonism, and imidazoline receptor binding.
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KDC-MN-074 82/100 Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive low-affinity)
An adamantane-derived uncompetitive low-affinity NMDA antagonist FDA-approved as Namenda for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease.
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KDC-MN-072 63/100 Agomelatine
Melatonin receptor agonist + 5-HT2C antagonist
A Servier-developed antidepressant approved in Europe combining MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor agonism with 5-HT2C antagonism, characterized by hepatotoxicity monitoring requirement.
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KDC-MN-071 73/100 Tianeptine
Atypical antidepressant / mu-opioid agonist
A French-developed atypical antidepressant (Stablon) with full mu-opioid agonist activity at supratherapeutic doses; significant abuse and dependence liability.
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KDC-MN-070 Novel 38/100 Cortexin
Bovine cortex peptide hydrolysate
A Russian peptide preparation from bovine cerebral cortex used parenterally for cognitive impairment and acute neurological events.
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KDC-MN-069 50/100 F-Phenibut (Fluorophenibut)
GABA-B agonist / fluoro-phenibut
A 4-fluoro-substituted phenibut analog with higher GABA-B affinity and lower dose requirement; sold as a research chemical with elevated dependence concerns.
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KDC-MN-068 48/100 Picamilon
Niacin-GABA conjugate
A Soviet-developed niacin-GABA conjugate (N-nicotinoyl-GABA) that crosses the blood-brain barrier and dissociates centrally to release both components.
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KDC-MN-067 63/100 Phenibut
GABA-B agonist / phenyl-GABA
A Soviet-developed phenyl-substituted GABA analog with GABA-B receptor agonism, used clinically in Russia for anxiety and sleep with documented dependence liability.
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KDC-MN-066 67/100 Meldonium (Mildronate)
Carnitine biosynthesis inhibitor
A Latvian-developed carnitine biosynthesis inhibitor used clinically for ischemic heart disease, banned by WADA in 2016 after high-profile athlete cases.
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KDC-MN-065 Novel 68/100 Afobazole
Sigma-1 receptor agonist anxiolytic
A Russian-developed selective sigma-1 receptor agonist anxiolytic without sedation, dependence, or cognitive impairment liability.
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KDC-MN-064 Novel 59/100 Mexidol (Emoxypine)
Pyridine antioxidant
A Russian-developed pyridine antioxidant (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate) widely prescribed in Russia for cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders.
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KDC-MN-063 Novel 65/100 Bromantane
Adamantane-derived adaptogen
A Soviet-developed adamantane derivative (Ladasten) approved in Russia for asthenia with mixed psychostimulant and anxiolytic effects.
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KDC-MN-062 Novel 62/100 Cerebrolysin
Porcine brain peptide hydrolysate
A complex peptide hydrolysate prepared from porcine brain, marketed in many countries for stroke recovery, traumatic brain injury, and cognitive impairment with neurotrophic fac...
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KDC-MN-061 Novel 66/100 Noopept
Dipeptide nootropic (proline-glycine N-phenyl)
A Russian-developed dipeptide cognitive enhancer (GVS-111) marketed in Russia as Noopept and characterized by NGF and BDNF upregulation with effective oral doses 1000-fold lower...
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KDC-MN-060 47/100 Org-26576
Sulfonamide AMPA potentiator
An Organon/Merck ampakine that reached Phase 2 in major depressive disorder.
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KDC-MN-059 47/100 PEPA
Sulfonamide AMPA potentiator
A potent benzothiazide AMPA potentiator used principally as a research probe for AMPA receptor pharmacology.
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KDC-MN-058 62/100 Farampator (CX-691)
Methylsulfonamide AMPA potentiator
An Organon/Schering-Plough ampakine (CX-691) that reached Phase 2 in major depressive disorder and Alzheimer disease.
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KDC-MN-057 59/100 CX-717
Methylsulfonyl benzoxazine ampakine
A methylsulfonyl benzoxazine ampakine that advanced furthest of the CX-series in human trials, including military sleep deprivation studies.
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KDC-MN-056 55/100 CX-614
Benzoxazine ampakine
A potent benzoxazine ampakine with research applications in BDNF upregulation and synaptic plasticity studies.
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KDC-MN-055 54/100 CX-546
Benzoxazine ampakine
A second-generation Cortex Pharmaceuticals ampakine with improved AMPA receptor modulation kinetics and reduced respiratory depression liability.
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KDC-MN-054 54/100 CX-516 (Ampalex)
Benzoylpyrrolidine ampakine
The first ampakine to enter human clinical trials, developed at Cortex Pharmaceuticals as a mechanism prototype with limited efficacy.
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KDC-MN-053 53/100 IDRA-21
Benzothiadiazide AMPA potentiator
A benzothiadiazide AMPA potentiator developed at Brown University, structurally related to cyclothiazide with reduced diuretic activity.
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KDC-MN-052 41/100 Unifiram
Piperazine-derived AMPA modulator
A close structural analog of sunifiram from the same Florence research program, differing in the carbonyl substituent on the piperazine.
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KDC-MN-051 52/100 Sunifiram
Piperazine-derived AMPA modulator
A piperazine-derived ampakine compound originally synthesized at Università degli Studi di Firenze, characterized by potent cognitive enhancement in rodent models at low doses.
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KDC-MN-050 60/100 Phosphatidylcholine
Phospholipid
The principal phospholipid component of cell membranes, supplemented for general lipid metabolism and cognitive support.
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KDC-MN-049 63/100 Choline Bitartrate
Quaternary ammonium choline salt
A simple choline tartrate salt sold as a nutritional supplement; the bioavailability profile is limited compared with phospholipid-form choline precursors.
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KDC-MN-048 63/100 Tacrine
Aminoacridine acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
The first FDA-approved Alzheimer disease therapy (1993), withdrawn for hepatotoxicity but historically important and retained as a research probe.
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KDC-MN-047 77/100 Rivastigmine
Acetylcholinesterase + butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
A pseudo-irreversible carbamate dual cholinesterase inhibitor approved for Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease dementia, available as oral and transdermal formulations.
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KDC-MN-046 83/100 Donepezil
Selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
A piperidine-class selective reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, FDA-approved as Aricept for Alzheimer disease, with the largest clinical evidence base of the AChE inhibi...
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KDC-MN-045 78/100 Galantamine
Selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor + alpha-7 nAChR PAM
A natural alkaloid from Galanthus and Narcissus species, FDA-approved as Razadyne for Alzheimer disease, distinguished by dual AChE inhibition and nicotinic receptor allosteric ...
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KDC-MN-044 73/100 Huperzine A
Selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor / NMDA modulator
An alkaloid extracted from the Chinese club moss Huperzia serrata, characterized by long-lasting selective acetylcholinesterase inhibition with secondary NMDA receptor modulation.
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KDC-MN-043 59/100 Centrophenoxine (Meclofenoxate)
DMAE ester / lipofuscin-targeting cognitive enhancer
An ester of DMAE and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid developed in 1959, marketed in many countries for senile cognitive impairment with documented lipofuscin clearance activity.
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KDC-MN-042 79/100 CDP-Choline (Citicoline)
Cholinergic precursor / nucleotide
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, an endogenous nucleotide intermediate in phosphatidylcholine synthesis with neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement applications.
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KDC-MN-041 78/100 Alpha-GPC
Cholinergic precursor / phospholipid
L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a high-bioavailability choline precursor with documented efficacy in Alzheimer disease and cognitive impairment, approved as a medicine in sev...
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KDC-MN-040 24/100 Rolziracetam
Bicyclic pyrrolidinone racetam
A bicyclic piracetam analog with sparse published literature; primarily of historical and research-chemical interest.
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KDC-MN-039 49/100 Dimiracetam
Bicyclic dione racetam analog
A bicyclic 2,5-pyrrolidinedione developed by Sigma-Tau for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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KDC-MN-038 46/100 Nebracetam
Phenyl-substituted aminomethyl pyrrolidinone
A 4-phenyl-pyrrolidinone with M1 muscarinic receptor agonist activity developed by Daiichi for cognitive impairment, discontinued in development.
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KDC-MN-037 30/100 Imuracetam
Imidazole-fused pyrrolidinone racetam
An obscure imidazole-substituted racetam from early Soviet pharmacology with sparse published literature.
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KDC-MN-036 49/100 Seletracetam
Difluorovinyl pyrrolidinone (high-affinity SV2A ligand)
A second-generation UCB SV2A ligand discontinued after Phase 2 due to commercial considerations despite favorable efficacy.
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KDC-MN-035 56/100 Etiracetam
Pyrrolidinone racetam (parent racemate of levetiracetam)
The racemic parent compound of levetiracetam, retained primarily as a research chemical and historical reference compound.
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KDC-MN-034 75/100 Brivaracetam
Propyl-substituted pyrrolidinone (high-affinity SV2A ligand)
A propyl-substituted levetiracetam analog with 15-fold higher SV2A affinity, FDA-approved 2016 as Briviact for partial-onset seizures.
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KDC-MN-033 84/100 Levetiracetam
S-enantiomer pyrrolidinone (SV2A ligand)
The (S)-enantiomer of etiracetam, FDA-approved as Keppra for partial-onset seizures, characterized by the SV2A synaptic vesicle binding mechanism distinct from classical racetam...
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KDC-MN-032 59/100 Nefiracetam
Dimethylphenyl-acetamide pyrrolidinone racetam
A 2,6-dimethylphenyl pyrrolidinone-acetamide racetam developed by Daiichi Pharmaceutical with documented activity in stroke-induced cognitive impairment and depression.
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KDC-MN-031 62/100 Fasoracetam
Cyclohexyl-carbonyl pyrrolidinone racetam
A cyclohexyl-carbonyl racetam originally developed by Nippon Shinyaku, advanced by NeuroNetPharma for ADHD with mGluR involvement, with Phase 3 trials in pediatric ADHD.
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KDC-MN-030 54/100 Coluracetam
Quinoline-fused pyrrolidinone racetam
A quinoline-fused racetam developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe and licensed to BrainCells for major depressive disorder, characterized by selective high-affinity choline uptake enhanc...
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KDC-MN-029 67/100 Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil)
Phenyl-substituted pyrrolidinone racetam
A Russian-developed phenyl-substituted piracetam analog with stimulant-like activity, banned by WADA, used clinically for stroke recovery and asthenia in the Russian Federation.
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KDC-MN-028 65/100 Pramiracetam
Diisopropylaminoethyl pyrrolidinone racetam
A high-affinity choline uptake potentiating racetam developed by Parke-Davis, characterized by stronger cholinergic activity than piracetam and approval in Eastern Europe for co...
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KDC-MN-027 67/100 Oxiracetam
Hydroxyl-substituted pyrrolidinone racetam
A 4-hydroxy-piracetam analog with increased polarity and a clinical record in mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, marketed in Italy and Eastern Europe.
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KDC-MN-026 71/100 Aniracetam
Pyrrolidinone racetam (anisoyl-substituted)
A more lipophilic anisoyl-substituted racetam developed by Hoffmann-La Roche, characterized by AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulation and brief plasma half-life with activ...
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KDC-MN-025 76/100 Piracetam
2-pyrrolidinone racetam
The original racetam, synthesized at UCB in 1964 by Corneliu Giurgea, defining the nootropic class and serving as the parent compound for all subsequent racetam analogs.
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KDC-MN-024 49/100 Mesocarb (Sydnocarb)
Sydnone-imine stimulant
A Soviet-developed sydnone-imine class psychostimulant marketed for fatigue and ADHD-like indications, characterized by gradual catecholamine release and modest abuse liability ...
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KDC-MN-023 74/100 Pitolisant
H3 histamine receptor inverse agonist
An FDA-approved selective H3 receptor inverse agonist for narcolepsy with cataplexy that elevates histamine and other monoamines through autoreceptor blockade.
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KDC-MN-022 75/100 Solriamfetol
Selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
An FDA-approved (2019) phenylalanine-derived dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy and OSA.
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KDC-MN-021 41/100 Hydrafinil
Eugeroic / fluorenol
A fluorenol-class wakefulness-promoting compound (9-fluorenol) chemically distinct from the modafinil scaffold but with overlapping clinical profile.
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KDC-MN-020 41/100 Fladrafinil
Eugeroic prodrug / fluoro-analog of adrafinil
A bisfluoro-substituted adrafinil analog (CRL-40,941) reported in early Lafon literature for elevated alpha-2 adrenergic involvement.
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KDC-MN-019 50/100 Flmodafinil
Eugeroic / fluoro-analog of modafinil
A bisfluoro-substituted modafinil analog (CRL-40,940 / Lauflumide) with reportedly higher dopamine transporter affinity and longer duration than the parent compound.
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KDC-MN-018 58/100 Adrafinil
Eugeroic prodrug
The hepatic prodrug of modafinil, originally developed in France and marketed as Olmifon for elderly daytime alertness before discontinuation in 2011.
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KDC-MN-017 73/100 Armodafinil
Eugeroic / wakefulness-promoting agent (R-enantiomer)
The (R)-enantiomer of modafinil with extended duration of action and greater wakefulness-promoting potency per milligram.
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KDC-MN-016 79/100 Modafinil
Eugeroic / wakefulness-promoting agent
A benzhydryl sulfinyl acetamide approved for narcolepsy and shift work disorder, characterized by selective dopamine transporter binding and downstream histaminergic activation.
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KDC-MN-013 75/100 NAD+
Pyridine nucleotide cofactor redox carrier and substrate for sirtuins PARPs and CD38
An obligate intracellular dinucleotide cofactor essential for hundreds of enzymatic reactions, supplied for research use as the oxidized free acid form for parenteral or topical...
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